The essence of Science magazine in November 22, 2019, Nankai University published an Science paper.

November 27, 2019 / BIOON / - -- a new issue of Science Journal (November 22, 2019) will be published this week What are the highlights of its research? Let Xiaobian come together The picture is from science journal 1 Science: great progress! For the first time, it has been confirmed that host cells can prevent bacterial growth by reducing magnesium supply Doi: 10.1126/science.aax7898 when pathogens invade host cells, our bodies will use various methods to fight them In a new study, researchers from the center for biology at the University of Basel in Switzerland can now confirm how a cell pump controls the invading pathogen The cell pump causes magnesium deficiency, which limits the growth of bacterial pathogens The relevant research results were published in the Science Journal on November 22, 2019 The title of the paper is "host resistance factor SLC11A1 constraints Salmonella growth through magnesium development" When a bacterial pathogen infects an organism, the defense system immediately begins to fight off the bacteria In order to avoid the immune cells on patrol, some bacteria invade the host cells and proliferate in them However, the host has developed various strategies to control intracellular bacteria Dr Olivier cunrath and Professor Dirk Bumann of the center for biology at the University of Basel have now found that magnesium is essential for bacterial growth in host cells Magnesium deficiency is a stress factor of bacteria, which can prevent their growth and proliferation Host cells use a transporter called NRAMP1, the previously mentioned cell pump, to limit the supply of magnesium to these intracellular pathogens 2 Science: Nankai University uses two-step method to convert aliphatic amines into non natural amino acids doi: 10.1126/science.aaw9939; doi: 10.1126/science.aaz6166 in a new study, researchers from Nankai University in China have developed a two-step method to convert aliphatic amines into non natural amino acids The relevant research results were published in the Science Journal on November 22, 2019, and the title of the paper is "highly enabling carbon insertion into n – H bonds of alphabetic amines" The corresponding authors are Professor Qi Lin Zhou and Professor Shou Fei Zhu from the school of chemistry, Nankai University In this paper, they describe their methods, how it works and applications that may benefit from its use John Ovian and Eric Jacobsen of Harvard University in the United States published a review type article on this research in the same period of Science Journal, outlining some barriers to bond with nitrogen rich reactants These researchers first pointed out that chiral amines are widely used in all kinds of natural products, and that they are also widely used in pesticides and drugs They noted that 43% of the 200 most commonly used prescription drugs in 2016 had at least one aliphatic amine component They further pointed out that because of this, the development of enantioselective transition metal catalyzed reactions to form carbon nitrogen bonds (C-N bonds) has aroused great interest in the chemical community 3 Science: it is the first time to find a cortical brainstem circuit to control and predict the generation of compulsive drinking behavior doi: 10.1126/science.aay1186; doi: 10.1126/science.aaz7357 although the use of alcohol is common in modern society, only a part of people will have alcohol use disorder, that is, alcohol addiction However, scientists don't understand why some people are prone to alcohol problems while others don't Now, in a new study, researchers from shack Institute of biology and Massachusetts Institute of technology and other research institutions have found a cortical brainstem circuit that can control the drinking behavior of mice, and it can be used as a biomarker to predict the forced drinking behavior of mice in the future In the future, these findings may have a potential impact on the understanding of human alcoholism and alcohol addiction The relevant research results were published in the Science Journal on November 22, 2019, and the title of the paper is "a coral brain circuit predictions and governs comprehensive alcohol driving" "I hope this will be a landmark study, because we have (for the first time) found a brain circuit that can accurately predict which mice will have compulsive drinking behavior weeks in advance," said Kay tye, a professor at the system neurobiology Laboratory of the shack Institute of biology, the paper's co-author This study fills the gap between loop analysis and alcohol addiction research, and for the first time reveals how compulsive drinking performance occurs in the brain over time " 4 Science: glutamine blockers enhance antitumor response and are expected to be used in car-t cell therapy Doi: 10.1126/science.aav2588 in a new study, researchers at Johns Hopkins University in the United States found that a compound they developed to block glutamine metabolism can delay tumor growth, change tumor microenvironment and promote long-term high activity antitumor activity Production of T cells The relevant research results were published online in the journal Science on November 7, 2019 The title of the paper is "glutamine blockade causes diverse metallic programs to achieve more immune evaluation" As a "prodrug" of glutamine antagonist don, this compound named jhu083 (also known as jhu-083) produces its active form (Don) after enzymatic reaction in vivo and plays a role in tumors In theory, given the key role of glutamine in the metabolism needed to promote tumor crazy growth, this compound may be able to be used to treat a variety of cancer types, said Jonathan Powell, Ph.D., co-author of the paper and deputy director of cancer immunotherapy Research Institute at Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University These researchers found that in a variety of different mouse cancer models, jhu083 treatment can significantly reduce tumor growth and improve survival rate by destroying tumor cell metabolism and its impact on tumor microenvironment In many mice, treatment with jhu083 alone can lead to a permanent cure This cure is due to the natural antitumor immune response activated by this metabolic therapy When these mice were injected with new tumors to cure cancer free mice, they found that almost all mice had immune rejection of the new tumors, which indicated that jhu083 treatment had a strong immune memory, so that they could recognize and attack new cancer They also treated these mice with jhu083 and anti-PD-1 immunosuppressive checkpoint inhibitors, a class of immunotherapeutic drugs that can relieve the inhibition of cancer cells on T cells "At first, we thought we needed to use the two drugs in turn to avoid any potential effects of metabolic therapy on immunotherapy," Powell said However, it is worth noting that this combination treatment has proved to work best when we give them at the same time " Compared with the use of only anti-PD-1 immunocheckpoint inhibitors, the use of both drugs can enhance their antitumor effect 5 Science: activating the Hippo pathway on the edge of tumor can inhibit the generation of DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9886 Hippo signaling pathway, which is involved in the growth of tumor This has aroused people's interest in this pathway as a potential therapeutic target In the study of liver cancer in transgenic mice, Moya et al Found that the role of Hippo pathway in tumorigenesis is more complex than previously known They confirmed that activation of the Hippo pathway in tumor cells drives tumor growth However, they also found that activation of this pathway in adjacent healthy cells had the opposite effect, thus inhibiting tumor growth Therefore, the survival or elimination of tumor cells depends on the competitive signals generated by tumor and surrounding tissues 6 Science: develop a computational design strategy to build a modular protein sensing response system doi: 10.1126/science.aax8780; doi: 10.1126/science.aaz8085 many signal transduction pathways start from the induction and response of cell proteins to small molecules Despite the progress in protein design, it is still challenging to build a protein-based sensing response system Glasgow et al designed binding sites on the interface of protein heterodimers By fusing each monomer of this heterodimer into half of a split reporter, they linked ligand driven monomer dimerization to reporter protein output This computational design strategy provides a general method to create a synthetic induction system with different outputs 7 Science: the same gene produces different plant root structure doi: 10.1126/science.aax2153; doi: 10.1126/science.aay8620 legume root nodules contain symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria Lateral roots are the characteristics of many plants that extend into the soil to absorb nutrients and water Soyano et al Found common ground in the developmental pathways that form nodules and lateral roots Evidence from lotus, a legume plant that can fix atmospheric nitrogen, suggests that this root nodule formation pathway has some of the same components as the lateral root formation pathway 8 Science: from the fossil record to explore the biological recovery after the Cretaceous extinction doi: 10.1126/science.aay2268 the extinction occurred at the end of the Cretaceous is called the extinction of non bird dinosaurs In theory, this paved the way for the expansion of mammals and other groups, including plants However, there are few direct records of biodiversity loss and recovery in this event Lyson et al Described new records of Cretaceous Paleocene in Colorado, including abnormally complete vertebrate and plant fossils, which recorded the event in detail, including the recovery and expansion of mammalian size and the increase of animal and plant biodiversity in the first one million years 9 Science: To explore the evolution of the precordial horn of the scarab, DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw2980; doi: 10.1126/science.aaz9010 one of the most significant examples of sexual selection features is the precordial horn of the scarab, which is almost half the length of the Scarab in the most extreme cases It's easy to understand how choices shape these pectoral horns, but understanding how development shapes them from their hornless ancestors is a more complex proposition Hu et al Confirmed that these precordial horns were generated from homologues of wings, and pointed out that many other insect traits may follow similar transcription pathways 10 Science: a cross-cultural analysis of songs doi: 10.1126/science.aax0868; doi: 10.1126/science.aay2214 it is not clear whether there is a general model for music of different cultures Mehr et al Studied ethnographic data and observed the music of each society sampled In terms of songs, more than 25% of performances are represented by three dimensions: the form of performance, the level of arousal and religious belief The difference of music behavior within the society is greater than that between the societies, and the difference degree of music behavior within different societies is almost the same At the same time, one-third of societies differ significantly from the average of any given dimension, and half of societies differ from the average of at least one dimension, indicating cross-cultural differences 11 Science: to reveal the mechanism of lysosomal tumor suppressor protein foliculin activating rag GTPase from structure doi: 10.1126/science.aax0364 for mTORC1 protein kinase complex