The drug metformin, with new discoveries,

Medical Network June 12, the god drug metformin, and new discoveries According to Singpoint News, recently, the Chinese team of scientists At Zhongshan University Zhongshan Medical College Gao Guoquan team published important research results in the well-known journal PNAS.
They analyzed treatment data from thousands of patients with advanced bowel cancer who carried the KRAS mutation and found that in patients with advanced bowel cancer who carried the KRAS mutation, the total survival time of bowel cancer patients who took metformin was 37.8 months longer and the median progression-free survival time (mPFS) was 8.1 months longer than those who took other types of anti-sugar drugs.
In bowel cancer patients who did not carry the KRAS mutation, the protective effect of metformin was not observedAfter exploring the mechanisms behind it, the researchers found that the KRAS mutation caused metformin to accumulate in cancer cells, eventually inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells.
Gao Guoquan's team found that the KRAS mutation is the key to the resistance of metformin to colon cancerThe specific mechanism is that the KRAS mutation causes the membrane channel protein MATE1 expression level to decrease, prompting metformin to enrich in the cell, therefore, long-term use of metformin, even at low doses, may also lead to the accumulation of metformin in the cancer cells of THE KRAS mutation, thereby inhibiting the RAS/ERK and AKT/mTOR pathway, and ultimately inhibitthement of cancer cell proliferation.
To the researchers' surprise, if people with diabetes were given metformin, the total survival time was even 17.5 months longer than in patients without diabetesOther sugar-lowering drugs, such as insulin, sulfonamide, non-sulfonyl, alpha-glucoseside inhibitors, and pyrethroids, have no such effectIt also made the researchers realize that the anti-cancer mechanism of metformin may not depend on its sugar-lowering effects.
The research team is currently conducting prospective clinical trials at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Prevention centerThe treatment of metformin carries the KRAS mutation of the effect of late-stage bowel cancer, or can be seen.
This is not the first time that metformin may have a role to play in treating cancer - according to research by scientists in various countries, the possible anti-cancer effects of metformin include: combination drugs, or the treatment of triyinutol breast cancer;
The road of metformin is one of the most widely used class acetinate sugar-lowering drugs, as an old drug, which can be said to be a long-lasting drug - in 1994, metformin was officially approved by the FDA for type 2 diabetes, is currently one of the most widely used Class A anti-sugar drugs.
As a proven drug, it is estimated that there are more than 120 million global users of metforminWith the further research, the potential of metformin has been expanded, in addition to the latest findings, metformin may also be found to have more than 20 kinds of effects.
1, weight loss effect metformin is a sugar-lowering drug that can lose weightIt increases insulin sensitivity and reduces fat synthesis For many type 2 sugar friends, weight loss is itself a good thing for blood sugar stability control.
According to a study by the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) team, patients treated with metformin lost an average of 3.1 kilograms over a non-blind study for seven to eight years.
2, anti-aging effects, the United States Food and Drug Administration is approved "with metformin anti-aging" clinical trials, foreign scientists as anti-aging candidates for metformin may be because metformin can increase the number of oxygen molecules released into cells, from the point of view, this seems to increase the body's robustness and extend life.
3 Reversing Biological Age International Science and Technology Journal Nature publishes a heavy news story A small clinical study in California has shown for the first time that reversing the human epigenetic clock is possible, according to reports In the past year, nine healthy volunteers took a mixture of growth hormone and two diabetes drugs, including metformin By analyzing markers on a person's genome, their biological age declined by an average of 2.5 years.
4 Anti-smog Has the results show that a team led by Professor Scott Budinger of Northwestern University in the United States has demonstrated in mice that metformin can prevent inflammation caused by haze, prevent immune cells from releasing a dangerous molecule into the blood, inhibit the formation of arterial thrombosis, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
5, the University of Pennsylvania researchers who helped quit smoking found that long-term nicotine use led to the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway, which is inhibited when nicotine withdrawal occurs So they concluded that activating the AMPK signaling pathway with drugs might relieve the withdrawal response.
Metformin is an AMPK agonis When the researchers used metformin in mice that produced a nicotine withdrawal reaction, they found that it eased the withdrawal response in mice Their research shows that metformin can be used to help quit smoking.
6 Anti-inflammatory preclinical studies and clinical studies have shown that metformin can not only improve chronic inflammation by improving metabolic parameters such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities caused by atherosclerosis, but also have a direct anti-inflammatory effect.
The study showed that metformin inhibits inflammatory responses, mainly by AMActivated Protein Kinase (AMPK) - dependent or non-dependent to inhibit nuclear transcription factor B (NFB).
7 Can promote hair growth, treatment of hair loss, the Ucla Chinese scientist Huang Jing team found that metformin, rapamycin and other drugs, can stimulate the mouse suspended hair follicles into growth, promote hair growth, related research was published in the well-known academic journal Cell Report.
Moreover, when treating patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in China and India with metformin, scientists have observed that metformin is associated with reduced hair loss.
In addition, different studies have shown that metformin has been found in some diseases that affect women's health.
8 Reduce the risk of abortion and premature birth of a particular pregnant woman, a study published in the Lancet Knife journal showed that metformin may reduce the risk of miscarriage and premature birth of a particular pregnant woman.
A nearly 20-year study by scientists from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and St Olavs Hospital found that patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who take metformin at the end of three months of pregnancy may reduce the risk of late-stage miscarriage and premature birth.
9 Improving polycystic ovary syndrome Polycystic Ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous disease characterized by kotorotrophic emis, ovary dysfunction and polycystic ovary morphology Studies have shown that metformin can improve ovulation by reducing insulin resistance, restoring its ovulation function and improving koostogenemia.
10 A team led by Dr Marsha Rich Rosner of the University of Chicago, who can treat trinegativealbreast yalm, found that metformin, in combination with another old drug, panhematin, could target the treatment of triyukinal breast cancer, which poses a serious threat to women's health.
And there is evidence that this treatment strategy may be effective for a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, kidney cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer and acute myeloid leukemia, the study was published in the leading journal Nature.
In addition to the above-mentioned new role, metformin has the following new findings: 11, cardiovascular protection effect metformin has a cardiovascular protective effect, is currently the only diabetes guidelines recommended as a clear evidence of cardiovascular benefits of the sugar-lowering drugs Studies have shown that the long-term treatment of metformin is significantly associated with a significant reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and in patients with type 2 diabetes who have developed cardiovascular disease.
12 Improving the intestinal flora Has been shown that metformin can restore the proportion of intestinal flora, making it a healthy transition Providean advantages for intestinal beneficial bacteria, thus reducing blood sugar and regulating the immune system forward.
13 (Aphera) Researchers at McGill University found that metformin can treat some forms of autism with brittle X syndrome, and the innovative study was published in the journal NatureMedicine Autism is one of many medical conditions that scientists believe can be treated with metformin.
14 Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that in human struic pulmonary fibrosis patients and mice with bolemycin-induced lung fibrosis models, ampK activity in fibrosis tissue decreased, and the growth of myocellular fibroblasts in tissues that resisted apoptosis.
Activating AMPK in myoblastyl fibrosis allows these cells to re-sensitive to apoptosis And metformin in mouse models can accelerate the ablation of fibrosis tissue that has been produced This study shows that metformin or other AMPK agonists can be used to reverse the fibrosis that has been produced.
15, researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas built a mouse model that simulates pain-related cognitive impairment They used this model to test the efficacy of multiple drugs.
The results showed that the treatment of mice with 200 mg/kg of metformin at 200 mg/kg of body weight could completely reverse the cognitive impairment caused by pain for 7 days.
The gabarpentine, which treats nerve pain and epilepsy, has no such effect This means that metformin can be used in old medicinetominos to treat cognitive impairment in patients with nerve pain.
16, inhibited tumor growth, according to the news of the dot, the European Institute of Oncology scholars found that metformin and fasting can be synergy, inhibit the growth of tumors in mice.
Further studies have found that metformin and fasting inhibit tumor growth through the PP2A-GSK3 beta-MCL-1 pathway, published in Cancer Cell.
17 Preventable Macular Degeneration Dr Yu-Yen Chen from Taichung Rongmin General Hospital in Taiwan, China, recently found that the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence of type 2 diabetes patients who take metformin was significantly lower This shows that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions of metformin have a protective effect on AMD while controlling diabetes.
18, or can reduce adverse reactions to glucocorticoids Recently, the Lancet - Diabetes and Endocrinology published a study -- the results show that in Phase 2 clinical trials, metformin used in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, can improve metabolic health, reduce the severe side effects of glucocorticoid therapy.
Experimental indications suggest that metformin may work through the key metabolic protein AMPK, and that, contrary to the mechanism of glucocorticoids, has the potential to reverse the side effects of heavy use of glucocorticoids.
19( Promising to treat multiple sclerosis Comes after a team led by Robin J.M Franklin of the University of Cambridge and his brother-in-law Peter van Wijngaarden, writing in the top journal Cell Stem Cells, found a special class of aging neural stem cells that, after metformin treatment, can restore responses to differentiation-promoting signals, re-create youthful vitality and further promote the regeneration of neuromyelin.
The discovery means that metformin is expected to be used to treat irreversible neurodegenerative-related diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
20, is expected to improve the risk of kidney failure and kidney disease death team medical new point of view, 10,000 people study shows that metformin may improve the risk of kidney failure and kidney disease death.
A study published in diabetes care, a journal of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), found that drug and survival analysis of more than 10,000 people showed that patients with type 2 diabetes who combined chronic kidney disease (CKD) were associated with a reduced risk of death and end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) and did not increase the risk of lactic acidosis.
Although metformin has so many exciting discoveries, but the drug tri-poison, we do not buy their own medicine to take, to use under the guidance of a physician.
21, metformin can protect the stomach, reduce the risk of stomach cancer Recently, the world's top scientific journal "CELL" sub-journal "Cell Cell Cell" updated the latest research on metformin: metformin can regulate the metabolism of stem cells in the stomach, prompting them to differentiate into stomach acid-producing stomach wall cells.
Studies have shown that ampK metabolic pathways promote stem cell production of wall cells that secrete acids, and that metformin slows the proliferation of progenitor cells by activating AMPK and KLF4, and can induce wall cell maturation by activating AMPK and PGC1a, which provides a potential hint as to why metformin increases acid secretion and reduces the risk of stomach cancer in humans.
In addition, a 2018 study showed that the use of metformin reduced the risk of stomach cancer by 51% in diabetics who eradicated Helicobacter pylori in a sustained and dose-based manner.
22 Preoperative taking, reducing the mortality rate of patients According to the drug Mingkang's account medical new point of view news, a recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association - Surgery found that the classic sugar-lowering drug metformin in addition to the control of blood sugar another benefit: preoperative use of metformin may be related to postoperative mortality and reduced risk of readmission in diabetic patients.
It is worth noting that although metformin has many effects, but the old line is still sugar-lowering, non-adaptive people, must not take without authorization, but also need to follow the doctor's advice.