The development status and application prospects of genetically modified insect-resistant crops (GM cotton and corn) in China are reviewed.

A team of scientists from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences reviewed the development status and application prospects of genetically modified insect-resistant crops in China in the Annual Entomology Review on October 8, 2019.
researchers systematically expounded the development and application of GM pest-resistant crops in China, analyzed the social, economic and ecological benefits brought about by the commercial cultivation of GM cotton, and discussed the important experience accumulated in China in the control of pest resistance and the comprehensive control of non-target pests in GM cotton.
, the researchers also analyzed the prospects, economic and ecological benefits and important issues facing the commercial application of other genetically modified insect-resistant crops in China, as well as their importance for regional management and cross-border control of major migratory target pests.
, the researchers also discussed strategies to promote the development and application of biotechnology in China, and the relevant suggestions are of great guiding significance not only to promote the development of agricultural biotechnology in China, but also to other developing countries.
China feeds more than 20% of the world's population with 7% of the world's arable land, and has invested heavily in crop biotechnology to increase agricultural productivity.
we analyzed the research of genetically modified insect-resistant crops in China, including strategies to promote their sustainable use.
has developed genetically modified crops such as insect-resistant cotton, rice and maize, and have been shown to be an effective method for controlling scaly-wingpests.
ecological impact studies show that it is also possible to protect natural enemies of pests and suppress pest populations at the local level.
analysis showed that the impact of GM pest-resistant crops on economic, social and human health was largely positive, and that 20 years of commercial production had proved sustainable in the case of GM cotton.
The widespread adoption of GM crops in China is constrained by relatively limited innovation capacity, public misunderstanding and regulatory inaction, indicating the need for further financial investment in innovation and greater scientific engagement with the public.
China's experience with GM cotton could serve as a reference for China and other developing countries to adopt other Bt crops.
the foreword Chinese accounts for more than 20% of the world's population, but less than 7% of the arable land.
rapid urbanization and overuse of pesticides and fertilizers have led to the loss of arable land.
China's dependence on grain imports, which imported 130.6 million tons of all types of grain in 2017).
against this background, the central government of China has made strategic decisions to develop and apply agricultural biotechnology to improve agricultural productivity, promote national food security and green agricultural development.
Since the 1980s, research and development of GM crops has received increasing financial support.
the Chinese government launched the National Special Program for the Development of Genetically Modified Varieties (NGSP) in 2008, with a plan to invest $3.5 billion to discover more functional genes and develop new GM species to improve the level of research and industrialization of agricultural GMOs.
has made significant progress in the development of insect-resistant genetically modified crops, especially cotton, rice and corn.
this paper summarizes the research and application of GM crops in China, analyzes their development prospects and challenges, and discusses the countermeasures to promote the development and application of GM crops in China.
China's experience in genetically modified cotton (which has been modified to produce one or more cotton derived from Suyun Ganycotoxin), valuable lessons should be provided for other countries, particularly developing countries with similar agricultural conditions in China, for the wide and sustainable use of Bt crops.
1) The development of genetically modified insect-resistant crops in China introduces the development course of insect-resistant cotton, rice and corn, the investment of funds, the type of genes studied, the target pests and the resistance characteristics of GM crops.
2) The commercial development process of GENETICally modified insect-resistant crops: GM cotton introduces the history of the commercial development of GM cotton and targets the regional control of pests.
also analyzed the ecological problems related to the cultivation of genetically modified cotton, including the evolution of target pest resistance, the outbreak of non-target secondary pests, and the ecological benefits of gm cotton cultivation, and listed the social and economic benefits.
3) The two lines of rice (Yuyu 63 and Huahui No. 1) of genetically modified insect-resistant crops currently under study have been certified by national security, but have not yet begun commercial development, and BT corn may soon be approved for commercial cultivation. in this section,
, we analyze potential benefits and safety issues and discuss the prospects for using Bt rice and maize to improve agricultural productivity and socio-economic benefits in China.
globally, from 1996 to 2015, the commercial cultivation of Bt corn and cotton led to a 53.3% reduction in the use of active pesticides and 29.1% in the use of pesticide active ingredients, respectively, indicating an improvement in food and feed quality.
this is also an aspect of improving social and economic benefits.
4) At present in the study of genetically modified corn crops many scaly insects can harm corn, cotton bellworms, corn cocoons, sticky insects are the main pests of corn, of which the most serious harm is sticky insects, can cause spring corn production reduction of about 10%, summer corn yield reduction of 20%-30%, serious production can be reduced by more than 30%, causing huge economic losses.
the main BT product lines in China are cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ie, cry1Ah, cry1C, or cry2 mainly cry1Ab and cry1Ia1 (cryFLIa) or cry1Ac (mCry1Ac and cry1AcM).
also have genes with complex traits such as cry1Ab/2Aj, cry1Ab/vip3DA, and cry1Ah/cry1Ie.
5) Ecological issues related to the cultivation of BT rice and maize Are based on more than 20 years of experience in the commercial production of Bt crops, and the ecological problems include three main aspects: the evolution of Bt resistance in target pests, the outbreak of secondary pests and the drift of genes.
6) The ecological, economic and social role of gMO-resistant crops, which are restricted in China and developing countries, is mostly positive, raising the question: Why are they not more widely accepted by China and developing countries? Technical competence, industrial structure, public policy, socio-economic and international trade issues are the main reasons for the lag in the acceptance of GENETICally modified insect-resistant crops.
Editor's Compilation by the New Rye Hengfeng Research Institute , Source of the Wise Creatures Wang Chunying , Entomology Annual Review Source: Entomology Annual Review.