The development prospect of aquatic feed industry in China is optimistic

Introduction: (1) the aquatic feed industry has a large space and rapid development According to authoritative data, in recent years, due to the change of consumption demand and breeding structure, the structure of feed products in China has changed a lot The annual growth rate of aquatic feed production in China is up to 17%, far higher than the average growth rate of 8% of compound feed, and the proportion of pig feed and poultry feed is declining Aquatic feed industry has become the biggest bright spot in the development of feed industry According to statistics, in 2002, the output of aquatic feed in Guangdong Province reached 1.192 million tons, an increase of 13.7% over the previous year, especially the growth of shrimp compound feed, which almost doubled to 341000 tons In recent years, the aquatic feed industry has maintained a good momentum of development, and has become the fastest-growing, most efficient and most potential industry in China's feed industry In order to make China's aquatic feed industry develop along a scientific path, the state has organized a nationwide scientific and technological research on the nutritional needs and feed formula of the main breeding objects in China since the sixth five year plan During the period from the sixth five year plan to the ninth five year plan, the research on the nutritional needs and feed formula of the main cultured fish in China and the research on the main aquatic animals have been carried out respectively The research on feed standard and detection technology, fish nutrition and feed preparation technology, etc at present, the research on feed additives and premixes of the main famous breeding objects in China is also carried out The feed formula and additive premix formula of grass carp, blue carp, blunt snout bream, carp, Nile tilapia, etc were put forward, and the feed standards of eel and prawn were promulgated; at present, the feed standards of some main cultured fish are being formulated The feed and additives of turtle, crab, grouper and yellow croaker were studied At the same time, China's aquatic feed has been developed in feed raw materials, processing, machinery, additives, research and development conditions, testing methods, quality monitoring, construction of scientific research team, personnel training and many other aspects, and has the ability to further research, development and industrial production In recent years, China's aquaculture feed industry has made great progress, which is directly due to the continuous high growth of domestic aquaculture industry As we all know, China is the largest aquaculture country in the world at present, and the only country in the world whose aquaculture output exceeds the fishing output at present At present, the total output of aquatic products in China accounts for about 35% of the global total, of which the aquaculture output accounts for 2 / 3 of the global aquaculture output, ranking first in the world for 13 consecutive years Aquaculture production accounts for such a high proportion, which is unique among the major fishing countries in the world China is the country with the largest market capacity of aquatic feed in the world It is precisely because of the huge aquaculture market that brings huge development space to our aquatic feed industry What's striking is that after the 1980s, the cultivation of famous aquatic products, such as prawn, eel and turtle, has developed rapidly, forming a "breeding heat" As one of the material bases for the development of aquaculture, feed processing industry has developed rapidly Many famous and excellent enterprises have emerged, and some famous brand feeds are favored by the breeders According to the 2010 food development program, by 2010, the per capita share of aquatic products in China will reach 44 kg (i.e the total amount will reach 57.2 million tons), but at present it is only 33.8 kg Therefore, in the next six years, the output of the aquaculture industry will be greatly improved Of the 25 million tons of aquaculture products in China, only about 20% are produced by feed According to the current policy of our country, the fishing output of ocean and river keeps zero growth, the growth of total aquatic products will be basically provided by the cultivation output, and the proportion of adopting feed cultivation is expected to increase to more than 35% In 2010, the market demand of aquatic feed will reach 15-20 million tons, which will increase 1.5-2.5 times on the basis of the current output (2) problems in the aquatic feed industry 1 There is a certain gap with the international advanced level The construction of feed raw material system has just started As an important protein source of feed, the annual output of fish meal is only 200000 tons, and the quality is not stable It needs to import 600000 tons every year At present, there are 270 feed machinery factories in China, of which more than 60 are backbone enterprises However, compared with the international advanced level, there is still a long way to go Many key equipment of aquatic feed manufacturers still need to be imported The quantity, variety and quality of feed produced are still difficult to meet the needs of rapid development of aquaculture Based on the calculation of 5% of the total amount of feed, the output of aquatic products produced by using compound feed in China accounts for about 10% of the total output of aquaculture, which is quite different from the international advanced level Feed additive production started late, talent and technology reserves are weak, and products are mostly imitated abroad In 1996, the output of feed additives in China was about 200000 tons, nearly 100 varieties, the vast majority of which were mineral salts and choline chloride, while the production capacity of amino acids, vitamins and other products with high technical content was relatively low, which needed to be imported every year In 1990, the United States produced 6.5 million tons of additives, more than 300 varieties; the European Community produced 5 million tons, more than 260 varieties In feed additives, China has a greater distance from the international advanced level In the construction of feed industry support system, although it is gradually developing and improving, it still can't adapt to the rapid development of feed industry, which is reflected in the weakness of aquatic scientific research force, the low conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements, the number and quality of talents, and the overall quality of the industry's employees need to be further improved 2 The contradiction of feed resource shortage is increasingly prominent The lack of feed resources is a major problem that perplexes the sustainable development of China's feed industry At present, when the utilization rate of aquatic compound feed is only 10%, the shortage of fish meal sources has been felt With the development of aquatic feed industry, the pressure is becoming more and more serious By 2030, China's population will reach 1.6 billion, and the annual grain output is expected to reach 710 million tons, which can basically meet the food demand However, the current tense feed grain will be even more tense Therefore, how to solve the problem of feed source is an urgent and arduous problem We should make full use of breeding methods to cultivate and produce high-efficiency forage crop varieties, such as corn with high lysine and methionine content, double low toxicity rapeseed and gossypol free seed The second is the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of industrial by-products such as food, grain, medicine, brewing, sugar making, papermaking, etc At present, all kinds of cake and meal, meat and bone meal, feather meal, liver powder and blood meal, which have been used as feed sources, may be the hot spot of development in the 21st century Improve the imbalance of amino acid structure of plant protein, add amino acids scientifically, make the proportion of essential amino acids coordinate, improve the nutritional level of feed and the conversion rate of protein This development, combined with the addition of vitamins and mineral elements, may have a better effect 3 There are huge hidden dangers in credit sale In order to solve the marketing pressure, many enterprises launch the method of credit sale Credit sale is one of the magic weapons for many feed enterprises to compete for dealers The basis of this cooperation is not stable When a new manufacturer gives a larger credit line to dealers, dealers will inevitably abandon the former and take the latter So this kind of practice can only spoil the dealer's appetite, and fall into a vicious circle of credit sales Generally speaking, the dealers who require too much credit sales are not necessarily the ideal choice for manufacturers Enterprises with too much credit will have hidden dangers They do not want to cooperate with short-sighted and short-lived enterprises They are very concerned about the cost performance of feed, because it is the basis for winning customers So it seems that credit sales alone may not really absorb high-quality dealers Feed enterprises can sell feed on credit to dealers and breeders, which is a kind of support for the latter two In other words, it is to provide them with interest free loans to help them get rich But sometimes, misjudgment can have the opposite effect In today 's prevailing custom of selling on credit, the dealers have no psychological burden because of selling on credit They think that they can earn a little if they can sell something, and it doesn' t matter if they don 't sell it If they don' t pay for it and can return it, they won 't care about the future of the products, let alone actively sell it Credit sales will make manufacturers and dealers very passive The first batch of goods is on credit, and then there will be a second batch, that is, the so-called "one batch to one batch" When it is necessary to rectify the market, manufacturers and dealers often have to adopt a tolerant attitude because they have a lot of money pressed on others and throw away the rat In this way, the management will not be strong and will be led by the nose, thus losing the dominant power of market development (3) promote the development of aquatic feed in China 1 Further improve the concentration From the perspective of the development trend of the whole domestic feed processing industry, China has become the second largest feed producer in the world After more than 10 years of rapid development, the industry concentration is constantly increasing Nearly 20 large-scale feed enterprise groups represented by Zhengda, hope, Tongwei, Zhenghong, etc have accounted for more than 30% of the total output of the country, and strong brands have absolute competitive advantage The same is true for the aquatic feed industry However, compared with the feed processing enterprises in developed countries, there are still gaps in the scale and technology of China's aquatic feed enterprises Therefore, with the continuous growth of the overall scale of feed processing industry and the improvement of market concentration, some feed production enterprises with small scale, poor equipment, backward technology and management will be eliminated in the competition, while feed processing enterprises with scale, brand and scientific and technological advantages that meet the requirements of feed product health and environmental protection in the future will get involved in the global competition in the development of large and medium-sized enterprises Ability In terms of current development forms, there are three integration modes for aquatic feed enterprises: first, feed enterprises extend to feed raw material industry, additive production and scientific and technological development, and develop to feed, processing and sales integration, and establish a one-stop enterprise with feed processing as the "leader"; second, large enterprises as the core, small and medium-sized enterprises participate in feed processing The third is to develop to other industries on the basis of improving and improving the feed industry A number of feed groups emerged in China, of which Tongwei took the lead in the way of collectivization in the aquatic feed processing industry 2 Develop feed additives Compared with developed countries in terms of variety and quantity, the imported feed additives are far from meeting the needs of the development of feed industry in China The backward development of feed additives, resulting in the single variety and insufficient quantity of products, will be an important factor restricting the development of compound feed production in China for a long time, and also one of the main problems facing the development of feed industry Although China's feed additive industry has developed rapidly in recent years, compared with developed countries, it is still at a relatively backward level, mainly reflected in: (1) fewer varieties and insufficient quantity There are about 100 varieties approved for use in China, 250 in the United States, 120 in Japan and 260-270 in the European community In addition, the total output is low, and many varieties, including raw materials, are imported; (2) lack of funds and backward technology Based on the important role of feed additives in feed industry