The development of The Lung Administration System (PDDS) of Traditional Chinese Medicine has become a hot topic.

more than 1000 years ago, Cui Zhixuan,
doctor in the Sui Dynasty of China
, used smoke inhalation to treat chronic cough, which is regarded as a successful attempt to administer Chinese medicine by means of lung inhalation. China's ancient doctors for this way of administration to give high evaluation: "the gas from the mouth, nostrils directly to the lungs, through the meridian, thorough body, stroke treatment, from the disease, to help take medicine less than.". Recently, in an interview with reporters, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Pharmaceutical Plants Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Center, Deputy Director Of Liao Yonghong said that today, the Chinese medicine lung drug system
(
PDDS) research and development has become a focus of pharmaceutical researchers, and has shown greater potential for application in related fields.
. The present situation
two types of PDDS
clinical application is more widelyit is reported that China's modern research on PDDS of Chinese medicine began in the
2
000s. At present, there are at least 50 formulations of PDDS, including double yellow aerosols for local treatment of the lungs and respiratory tract, aerosoling inhalation of fishy grass preparations, and compound dansan aerosols for systemic treatment purposes, sichuan tea conjugation aerosols, etc. Liao Yonghong said that although in recent years, PDDS aerosols, aerosol inhalers in the study of Chinese medicine is hot, but unfortunately, there are no reports of Chinese medicine dry powder inhaler
(
DPI), which shows that Chinese medicine PDDS has a long way to go.. In the research and development of aerosols, Liao Yonghong introduced, because of the treatment of respiratory
disease
has a unique advantage: the drug can directly reach the action site, can avoid the first effect of the liver, reduce drug use, reduce or avoid adverse drug
adverse reactions
, coupled with research and development, production relative to other lung drug system is relatively simple, The research and application of Chinese medicine aerosol
(
MDI) has made considerable progress.. At present, the
literature
reported that the Chinese medicine MDI preparations include compound double flower aerosols for the treatment of respiratory infections, double yellow aerosols and cough aerosols, the treatment of asthma han anti-hematopoietic aerosols, asthma aerosols, silver-yellow air-breathing aerosols and so on. From the relevant research, compared with the more traditional methods of administration of injectionors or oral preparations, the efficacy of MDI in Chinese medicine is comparable, and the improvement of symptoms and signs is more obvious.. Recent studies have shown that MDI, a Chinese medicine inhaled through the lungs, can also play a full-body role. Some researchers compared the clinical efficacy of compound dansan aerosol snorts and nitrate isostose tablets to treat coronary heart disease angina, and the results showed that the former's recent efficacy, quick-acting effect, efficacy on severe angina, and effect on unstable angina were significantly better than the latter.. In the study of atomized inhalers, Liao Yonghong pointed out: "Although there is no approved Chinese medicine atomized inhalation agents at present, but as a therapy, Chinese medicine atomized inhalation is more widely used in clinical practice, laying the foundation for the final formation of new drugs approved for approval.". According to Liao Yonghong statistics, as
of 2
2007

, China's Chinese medicine atomized inhalation related to more than 300 reports, the application of Chinese medicine and groups of more than 50, of which more reported double yellow company, fishy grass, Qing Kailing, compound Dansan and sputum heat clean. In these reports, Chinese traditional atomized inhalation therapy is mainly used to treat lung and respiratory
diseases
, accounting for more than 98% of the total reported, including the treatment of pneumonia, respiratory infections, trachea and bronchitis
literature
accounting for more than 85% of the total number of reported.. The reason why Chinese medicine atomized inhalation is popular clinically comes from its dosage form advantage. Compared with traditional administration, it improves the concentration of local drugs, eliminates the whole body drug to make the blood liquid to reach a certain concentration in order to play a role in local infection stove, as well as the Chinese medicine cooking time, taking damage to gastrointestinal digestive function
adverse reactions
, with simple, safe and effective advantages. Because of its good compliance, it is also an important way for children
patients who are not convenient to administer oral and vascular
drugs.. On the other hand, the advantages of Chinese traditional atomized inhalation therapy in the treatment of lung and respiratory diseases have led to clinical admiration. The research shows that the efficacy of atomized inhalation therapy of drugs such as double jaundice and fishy grass is significantly better than that of intravenous or atomized inhalation western medicine in the treatment of pneumonia, respiratory infection, trachea and bronchitis.
. The problem
development is facing the bottleneck of the shortage of basic researchmany basic research of chinese medicine lung administration is basically blank, there are many factors restricting its development. "It's like not laying a foundation well, and PDDS preparations are naturally unlikely to rise up without a solid foundation, " Liao said.. First of all, there is a lack of basic research on lung absorption and metabolic law of the active ingredients of Chinese medicine. The active components in the traditional Chinese medicine preparations applied to clinical clinics are mostly water-soluble nucleosides, including flavonoids and lipolias, and most of the studies of absorption and metabolism of these ingredients are concentrated in the gastrointestinal tract, and studies on lung absorption and lung metabolism have not been reported. The lack of such research content seriously restricts the optimal design of PDDS in Chinese medicine.. Secondly, there is a shortage of preparations and processes for PDDS in Traditional Chinese medicine. At present, the domestic reports on PDDS in Chinese medicine basically do not evaluate the inhalability of the preparation, but only prove the application of PDDS in Chinese medicine in concept. Therefore, The PDDS of Traditional Chinese Medicine faces many challenges in preparation and process. . First, there is a lack of Chinese medicine aerosols and powder aerosols can be inhaled chinese medicine particles preparation methods. Because of the complex composition of Chinese medicine and the strong hygroscotype, the commonly used granulation method has unpredictable effects on the dispersion and inhalability of drug particles. . Second, the lack of high-dose aerosols and powder agent preparation technology. Traditional Chinese medicine usually requires a large dose, mostly requiring at least 5 mg
/
spray. Western drug aerosols are usually only suitable for passing drugs less than 1 mg
/
spray. . Third, the lack of non-fluorine
(
CFC) in Chinese medicine to replace aerosol preparation technology. Traditionally, the projectile used by Chinese aerosols is CFC, but it will be banned globally due to the destructive effects of CFCs on atmospheric ozone. At present, the international main use of environmental-friendly projectiles HFA-134a and HFA-227 instead of CFCs. However, HFA and CFC still have different chemical and chemical properties such as vapor pressure and solubility properties, which lead to many difficulties in the development of new HFA inhalers, both in technology and in pharmaceutical management. . Fourth, the lack of atomized inhalation of Traditional Chinese medicine preparations inhalable and lung safety research. Clinicians use a wide variety of atomized inhalers, the efficiency of delivery drugs to the lungs can vary by 10 times or even dozens of times, and some inhalers are difficult to deliver drugs to the patient's lungs. There is also a lack of research on the respiratory safety of these formulations and the adaptability of atomized lung inhalation. . In addition, Liao Yonghong pointed out that the lack of effective quality control methods is currently a major problem in the development of PDDS in Chinese medicine. On the one hand, the taste of Traditional Chinese medicine is complex, the amount of use is larger, the impurity is more, on the other hand, most of the Chinese medicine target
, the mechanism of
effect is not clear, the effective substance is not clear, extraction and separation is more difficult, so it is difficult to establish quality control methods, coupled with the drug's quantitative relationship and absorption metabolism research is lacking, which makes the final dosage type of quality
standard
the formulation of more difficult.
. Looking ahead
the application of PDDS
of Traditional Chinese Medicine has broad prospects Liao Yonghong introduced, lung inhalation form and oral and external preparations, is the latest EU herbal regulations recognized as one of the three ways of administration. Moreover, PDDS has been widely demonstrated for the efficacy and safety of asthma
,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(
COPD)
,
lung cancer and tuberculosis, and in the treatment of such diseases, the efficacy of Chinese medicine is very considerable, and the development of Chinese medicine PDDS undoubtedly has a good application prospect. . Studies have shown that Chinese medicine compound has important clinical value in the treatment of respiratory and lung infections and influenza, in which water-soluble natural products are the indicator or active ingredients in this combination of Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine. For this kind of Chinese medicine, the usual oral or intravenous dose of only 1
/
10 to 1
/
100 can be distributed to the lung tissue and respiratory fluid, and due to the high lysis of the lungs, water-soluble drugs lung distribution efficiency is even lower. . Instead, by delivering drugs directly to the lungs and respiratory tract sending drugs to treat respiratory bacteria
,
fungus and viral infections,
faster,
more effectively killing microbes from lung infections, and reducing the risk of resistance and systemic side effects. Therefore, PDDS is a very promising method of transmitting water-soluble Chinese medicine to treat lung and lower respiratory tract infections. . In addition, PDDS can be used as a new method of administration of traditional Chinese medicine for whole body therapy, and can achieve the goal of high efficiency and quick effect. Such applications include not only the need for rapid effectiveness of chinese medicine
for the treatment of pain, vomiting, anxiety and other diseases,
such as the compound dansin aerosols and other
,
can also be used for oral absorption of poor cardiovascular diseases and other diseases prevention and treatment of drugs. . Liao Yonghong pointed out
,
in recent years, the international research on PDDS has not only made great progress in technology
, but also
the scope of application from the traditional treatment of respiratory and lung diseases
drugs
,
extended to protein peptide macromolecule drugs and small molecule drugs need to be quickly effective systemic drug delivery. Comparatively speaking, the research of PDDS in Chinese medicine in China is relatively lacking and lagging behind. However, considering the great potential of PDDS Chinese medicine in the application, the administration system has good patient compliance, so there is reason to believe that the research and development of PDDS in Chinese medicine has broad application prospects.
. Related links
the advantages of lung administration lung administration, also known as inhalation administration, the method directly transfers the drug to the lesionsite, and can produce local or systemic therapeutic effects. This method of administration can avoid oral administration in the gastrointestinal tract damage, but also can avoid repeated injection to the patient caused by damage. . At present, the study of the transfer of drugs through the lungs to the whole body to play a therapeutic role has received wide attention, the research of drugs from small molecule drugs to macromolecule drugs, of which peptides and protein drugs are the fastest developed lung administration research. . In recent years, with the understanding of lung function and asthma, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis, people have realized that lung administration is a simple and effective way to treat the above-mentioned diseases, which can greatly reduce adverse reactions. Compared with other drug giving pathways, lung administration has the characteristics of large absorption surface area, abundant blood flow at the absorption site and avoiding the liver's first effect, and the lungs have the advantages of low enzyme activity, thin epithelial barrier and high permeability. In addition, it reduces the distribution of drugs in other tissues. In view of these characteristics of lung administration, the study of the lung administration system is developing rapidly.
. The lung dispensing system develops a speed-up lung administration system (PDDS) is a type of drug delivery technology that transports drugs directly to the respiratory tract and lungs and allows the drug to act directly at or absorb it at the delivery site for preventive, therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. . In 1778, The Englishman Dr. Mudge invented Mudge Inhaler, using the term inhaler for the first time. From the mid-19th century to the first half of the

the first half of the 20th century, a variety of inhalers, including dry powder, jet streams and ultrasonic atomized inhalers, were used in PDDS formulations. . The modern PDDS formulation began in 1955, when Riker Labs (now 3M) invented a fluorine-based dose inhaler to deliver asthma medications. At present, the lung drug delivery system is mainly dry powder aerosol (DPI), quantitative inhalation aerosol (MDI) and atomized inhalation three dosage forms. . It is reported that the global
drug market sales of the lung administration system in 2001 is usable to sell us $8.4 billion. With the development of biotechnology and genetic engineering, more and more peptides and protein drugs are used in clinical treatment. Lung dispensing system in the research of such drugs more applications, development is relatively fast, the world's major pharmaceutical companies have stepped in lung drug administration.