The development of T-cell response spectrum helps to understand immune diseases.

Introduction: the discovery that immune T cells have a wide range of response capacity may provide enlightenment for our immune system to deal with infection and cancer, as well as errors in immune diseases.researchers at Wellcome Sanger Institute, GSK, Biogen and open targets have found that T cells respond to immune signals very differently after exposure to more "training", rather than simply transiting from naive to experienced.this can help guide research in finding drug targets for immune diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Br / >even though the new study of Huikang can make a memory rigidity response, even if it has not been able to make a new study of memory rigidity.this has an impact on immune research and can help understand, for example, the body's response to infection.the study was published in the April 14 issue of nature letters.T cells are the key white blood cells in the fight against infections and diseases, and their role is similar to that of the police guiding the immune system response.infants are born with a lack of experienced T cells, which change when exposed to bacteria or viruses to form specific memory T cells that can "remember" to fight these infections.these memory T cells respond more quickly to the same threat the next time, telling the immune system to quickly eliminate the infection.by providing a safe form of invasive viruses or bacteria, vaccination can train the immune system by building specific memory T cells to prevent diseases.if there is a problem with T cells, it may lead to immune deficiency and people will be infected seriously.in addition, in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, the human body may mistake some of its own cells as a threat, and initiate inappropriate immune response, leading to self attack.to better understand the formation and response of memory T cells during the disease, the researchers took blood from healthy volunteers and analyzed their T cells.they accurately identified which genes were turned on in each individual T cell, indicating what the cell was doing.they also tested these T cells with different immune molecules called cytokines to mimic their behavior in the body.the researchers found that in addition to the simple switch from primary cells to memory cells, there seems to be a complete continuum of T cell development.they found that the more times a T cell is activated by a signal, the faster it follows the path of memory T cell development (i.e., its "training") and the faster it responds to specific signals.Eddie Cano gamez, first author of the paper at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and open targets, said previously that memory T cells had two stages of development, but they found that they had a wide range.from never activated cells to trained memory T cells, as well as many intermediate T cells in between, they can respond quickly.this spectrum not only affects the response speed of cells, but also affects their signal response.this study shows that T cells are also continuous with other chemical signals, indicating that they are not as targeted as previously thought.they found that even trained memory T cells can be triggered by other new immune signals.the researchers also found that certain signals have different responses in memory cells according to the level of memory.when specific chemical signals (transforming growth factors) are added to naive T cells, they respond by producing regulatory T cells to calm the immune system.however, the same chemicals have an opposite effect on the experienced memory cells, causing them to release more chemicals, thus causing inflammation.senior author Dr. gosia trynka expressed surprise at the flexibility and complexity of memory T cell responses.understanding this changing T-cell response can help people understand the response of T cells to viral infection, and provide clues for immune diseases such as asthma and type 1 diabetes.by understanding the pathways involved in normal immune response, researchers aim to find better drug targets for the development of new drugs.reference: Recommended Reading: fighting the epidemic situation, translational medical network content team series reports: [heavy] loss of smell and taste is one of the important clinical symptoms of covid-19. [new discovery] compulsory BCG vaccination can effectively inhibit the transmission of covid-19. [hammer] this protein in adipose tissue will promote the development of breast cancer! Gene mutation may help prevent Alzheimer's disease