The current situation of economic animal husbandry

Introduction: first, the current situation of economic animal husbandry Economic animal husbandry is a new industry except for livestock, poultry and conventional aquatic products Its development and application are very extensive In order to obtain a large number of meat products, fur products, medical and health care products, drugs and cosmetics, for the needs of viewing and entertainment, for the purpose of replacing human beings in medicine to carry out experiments, a large number of people are invested in the development and utilization of economic animals, without sparing no effort to invest in the operation In terms of economic animal breeding, there are more and more varieties and larger production scale There are leading enterprises of intensive production, whose product structure is also increasingly changing from agricultural and sideline products to commercialization In only a few decades, there have been dozens of species, such as Eupolyphaga, earthworm, scorpion, centipede, white jade snail, sika deer, mink, Rex Rabbit, muskrat, fox, kitten, Xiang pig, snake, muntjac, bear, wild duck, black bone chicken, quail, Turkey, pigeon, ostrich, etc BBK is undeniable that the artificial breeding of these animals has made great contribution to improving people's food structure and improving people's health level, and has also enriched quite rich first-hand materials for the in-depth development of economic animal science But on the other hand, there are also a series of problems in the aquaculture industry Looking back on the history of the breeding industry, such as the 80 years of Groundhog and cocoon war, the five-year long decline in rabbit breeding after 86 years, and the beaver event around 93 years, until the recent price drop of turtle, all of which reflect the people's urgent need for quick success and instant profit, and the partial pursuit of immediate interests The breeders can't operate with a scientific attitude and the spirit of seeking truth from facts There is blindness, the production of low-level extensive management, agricultural and sideline products into the market is very fragile, a little impact on the ups and downs This factor affects the normal development of aquaculture to varying degrees, and even causes serious product backlog and loss The provenance characteristics of BBK economic animals determine that most of them come from wild animals However, due to the lack of systematic and scientific understanding, the introduction of non renewable resources has become increasingly difficult to protect The reserves of wild animal resources have declined dramatically The destructive way of access and mercenary practices can be seen everywhere BBK therefore, on the basis of mastering the biological characteristics, technical requirements and management methods of economic animals, people must develop and utilize animal resources in a planned and efficient way with a scientific vision and a practical and realistic attitude, so as to make this natural resource serve human better BBK 2 The classification of economic animals BBK to meet people's living needs, although livestock and poultry are the main ones, they are far from enough People gradually turn to obtain from wild animals, so there are economic animals to raise, breed and domesticate Economic animals refer to "wild animals and semi domesticated wild animals that people use for some economic purpose, except livestock and poultry." According to the current industry classification, according to the economic characteristics, economic animals can be divided into the following categories BBK 1 Economic animal for meat BBK economic animal for meat is developed from wild animals and used to be the object of people's hunting and fishing Animals include hares, yellow sheep, wild boars, muntjacs, deer and other animals, including camels and elephants in semi domesticated state Reptiles include all kinds of snakes, turtles and turtles Birds include pheasant, ostrich, wild duck, quail, partridge, etc As a large part of marine animals, mollusks are the main species Abalone, shellfish, oyster, clam, mussel and Jiangyao are the best seafood Prawns, crabs and lobsters in arthropods are expensive From wild animals to large-scale artificial breeding, the most successful model is deer This precious herbivore has been raised on a large scale all over the world Canada and New Zealand have listed these animals as their daily meat breeding objects, and Russia has 2.5 million reindeer At present, deer breeding in China is only at the stage of acquiring antler, and the stock is between 2-3 million BBK 2 Fur animals BBK domestic fur animals are mainly mink, fox, raccoon dog, AI Hu and other medium-sized animals Small animals are mainly cultivated sporadically, such as muskrat and otter, with a small scale Due to the fluctuation of market factors, the cultivation of fur animals has experienced several ups and downs At present, the price of natural pattern fur in the international market, such as sapphire blue and sky blue, is more than several thousand yuan However, there are some weaknesses in the domestic breeding industry, such as low variety quality, confusion of provenance and rough fur processing, which seriously affect the international competition of fur products At present, as a natural medicine source of animals, medicinal animals have a certain market in Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia The domestic large-scale pharmaceutical animal industry includes Antler Production and processing, musk deer living body extraction, live bear artificial bile drainage, small civet artificial extraction and application, snake venom extraction, northeast forest frog breeding and toad oil extraction The cultivation of marine animals, including sea dragon and seahorse, and gecko, a special animal in Guangxi, are also in the beginning However, because this animal is in a wild state, there must be some problems in artificial breeding, such as low ecological adaptability, difficulty in domestication, unsuccessful breeding, damage to the animal itself caused by obtaining products, etc., which leads to sharp contradiction between the protection and development of wild animals The International Convention on the protection of wild animals clearly stipulates that "the development and utilization of wild animals above the second level shall not be allowed, and the products produced by their derivatives and tissues and organs shall not be used "As a result, a large number of medical animal raw materials and products are difficult to survive Such as tiger bone, rhinoceros horn, antelope horn, musk, bear gall, etc BBK 4 The grade of ornamental animals in BBK is mainly based on whether it is pure species The species involved in fish, birds, reptiles, mammals, and its development trend has two major directions One is that there are certain markets for large-scale entertainment, South Korea and Southeast Asia The domestic large-scale pharmaceutical animal industry includes Antler Production and processing, musk deer living body extraction, live bear artificial bile drainage, small civet artificial extraction and application, snake venom extraction, northeast forest frog breeding and toad oil extraction The cultivation of marine animals, including sea dragon and seahorse, and gecko, a special animal in Guangxi, are also in the beginning However, because these animals are all in the wild state, there must be some problems in the artificial feeding, such as low ecological adaptability, difficult domestication, unsuccessful breeding and reproduction, damage to the animals by obtaining products, etc., which leads to the sharp contradiction between the protection and development of wild animals The International Convention on the protection of wild animals clearly stipulates that "the development and utilization of wild animals above the second level shall not be allowed, and the products produced by their derivatives and tissues and organs shall not be used "As a result, a large number of medical animal raw materials and products are difficult to survive Such as tiger bone, rhinoceros horn, antelope horn, musk, bear gall, etc BBK 4 The grade of ornamental animals in BBK is mainly based on whether it is pure species The species involved in fish, birds, reptiles, mammals, and its development trend has two major directions One is to develop towards large entertainment animals, such as bullfights, hunting grounds, horse racing, etc., which are all eager to try in China at present; the other is to walk into the family as pets and decorative supplies, such as ornamental cats, dogs, various animal specimens, animal skeletons, which are placed in the family as decorations However, at present, the market of this industry is very chaotic, and the price difference is very wide BBK 5 Medical laboratory animal BBK is under the most strict control and management in the development and utilization of animals The most advanced science and technology is the medical laboratory animal This kind of experimental animal, which is raised in isolated environment and has the value of experimental model, has made great contribution to human's drug compensation test, toxicology test, teratogenesis test and unknown factor exploration The main varieties are mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, monkeys and so on However, due to its high investment and professional restrictions of application, its breeding and utilization can only stay in the specialized institutions of the health sector BBK 3 The eco-economic characteristics of economic animals The eco-economic characteristics of economic animals are as follows: BBK 1 Economic animals are non domestic BBK economic animals Their provenance comes from field capture, or from other places, or even from foreign countries Many of them, such as ostrich and Turkey, are very strange to us Many wild animals, such as pangolin, Chinese alligator and giant salamander, are state-level protected animals and cannot be captured at will In the same way, animals are totally new to the new feeding place The change of ecological environment is a serious test for their adaptability, and excessive stress will lead to animal death BBK 2 The principle of "valuing the rare for the rare" is also applicable in the economic animal husbandry industry Because of its scarcity, the price is not cheap People need to spend a lot of investment in the introduction For example, the introduction price of deer and bear is up to ten thousand yuan per head, and the seed price of a pair of ostriches is about forty thousand yuan Even a small nest of ants and several pairs of species of scorpions cost hundreds of yuan BBK 3 There are many kinds of economic animals, with large classification span and different breeding requirements From the beginning of linear invertebrates, leeches, to the vertebrate primates with the highest taxonomic level, BBK can find economic animals that can be used by people There are many differences in their forms, such as aquatic, Lu Sheng, cave dwelling, arboreal and so on Based on the analysis of the most common feeding habits, there are different kinds of herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, decays and so on, which brings strict requirements to the artificial breeding of these animals Only in accordance with its biological characteristics, people can carry out normal breeding and utilization, otherwise it can only accelerate its death BBK 4 It takes a long time for economic animals to adapt to the artificial breeding environment In fact, the artificial breeding of BBK wild animals is a miniature of the domestication process of livestock and poultry for thousands of years They are also faced with the problem of domestication and adaptation There are four difficulties in the cultivation of economic animals, i.e introduction and acclimation, proper growth and development, disease and normal reproduction They often lead to neuroendocrine dysfunction due to long-term stress state, which results in the growth and development of animals blocked, prone to diseases and abnormal reproduction BBK 5 Compared with the normal production of livestock and poultry meat and food, the economic animal's value index is usually only located in one aspect, or used as medicine, or produced fur products Its total demand is far less than that of livestock and poultry At the same time, its production and utilization channels are relatively narrow For example, the artificial cultivation of natural bezoar is to artificially create gallstones of cattle by means of surgery, and its main product needs a cow