The current situation and prospects of the development of feed resources in my country

 　　Current status of feed resourcesmHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　my country is the world's largest animal husbandry and aquaculture country.
According to the forecast of the Animal Husbandry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, the total national meat output in 2006 reached 79.
8 million tons, the output of poultry and eggs reached 29.
4 million tons, and the output of dairy products was 32.
9 million tons.
The total output value of the industry exceeds 1.
4 trillion yuan, accounting for 34% of the total agricultural output value.
The livestock-related industries (including feed industry, veterinary medicine, animal product processing, etc.
) have an annual output value of nearly one trillion yuan.
The annual output of aquatic products in my country reaches 51 million tons (70% of which are aquaculture products), and the total annual output value of the aquaculture industry reaches several hundred billion yuan.
Therefore, the livestock and aquaculture industry and related processing industries have an annual GDP of nearly RMB 3 trillion, which has become an important industrial sector of the national economy.
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　　Calculated based on the conversion efficiency of intensive farming feed as 5:1 (meat), 3:1 (egg), 1:3 (milk) and 2:1 (farming aquatic products), the national annual consumption of concentrated feed is 7980 * 5+ 2940 * 3+3290 ÷ 3+5100 * 70% * 2=570 million tons, theoretically equivalent to China’s grain and oil resources are basically used in the breeding industry, which is why the Americans say “Chinese food cannot feed the Chinese people "Theoretical basis", but because China’s traditional breeding industry uses green feed, straw, slag, etc.
to raise livestock and poultry, it consumes less concentrated feed.
If deducted by one-third, the theoretical consumption of concentrated feed in China is 5.
7 *2 /3=380 million tons.
According to the latest estimate of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 36% of my country's raw grain is used as feed, which amounts to 180 million tons per year.
150 million tons of processed by-products and leftovers of other grain resources are also used in aquaculture.
Together with processed by-products such as oil crops, more than 300 million tons of grain and grain processing by-products and other concentrated feed are used in animal husbandry and aquaculture every year.
, Which is also close to the above theoretical calculation data.
Although the total output of industrial feed in the country reached 110 million tons in 2006, and the output value reached 290.
8 billion yuan, this still accounts for only one third of the total consumption of concentrated feed in the country.
The feed cost of the aquaculture industry in my country accounts for about 70% of the total production cost of the aquaculture industry, so it has a great impact on the economic benefits of the aquaculture industry.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　As the world’s most populous country and a large agricultural country, my country feeds 22% of the world’s population with 7% of the world’s land.
For many years, my country’s total grain output has remained at 450-490 million tons, and the per capita food consumption is about 400 kg.
1/3 of the United States.
However, in recent years, my country’s total grain output has declined year after year.
In 2003, it dropped from 510 million tons in 1998 to 430 million tons.
Therefore, the balance between my country's grain supply and demand is very fragile.
On the one hand, my country's grain production has achieved bumper harvests in individual years.
With the exception of soybeans, all five major grain crops have difficulties in selling grain at the production area, which has caused increasing pressure on the country's grain reserves.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　On the other hand, since the 1980s, as my country’s aquaculture industry has grown at an average annual rate of over 9% for more than 20 consecutive years, the shortage of feed resources in the main livestock production areas will become more and more serious.
Some breeding and feed companies blindly implement the corn-soybean-cake diet model in Europe and the United States, which has caused a shortage of high-quality feed resources such as soybean meal, fish meal and corn in my country.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　From a long-term perspective, the food issue is still a major issue that cannot be taken lightly in our country.
This is determined by my country's national conditions and food conditions.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　First, the natural population growth rate of my country in recent years has been around 10‰, with a net increase of around 12 million people every year.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　Second, with the growth of population and the development of economic construction, more and more arable land is occupied in all aspects.
At present, the per capita arable land in my country is about 1.
2 mu, which is less than 1/3 of the world average.
And with the development of the project of returning farmland to forest in the west , The impact will be even greater.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　Third, the ability of my country's grain production to resist natural disasters is still relatively low.
Disasters of different degrees occur in different regions every year, and grain production is unstable.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　Fourth, as the population continues to increase and people’s living standards continue to increase, society’s demand for food is increasing.
Although my country has basically bid farewell to the history of animal food shortages, the per capita intake of animal protein is now It has reached 25 grams per day, which is close to the world average, but it is still only 1/2-1/3 of that of developed countries.
The rapid development of the aquaculture industry is bound to consume more food and feed resources.
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　　Fifth, the rapid development of grain and oil intensive processing and biomass energy, especially the fuel ethanol processing industry, has a great impact on the consumption of grain and oil resources.
Although the United States has an annual corn output of 250 million tons, 20-25% of corn has been used to produce fuel ethanol, and the price of corn has risen by 70% in the past six months.
Jilin Province, my country’s main corn producing province, currently has the ability to deep-process corn.
Reach the province's annual production volume.
Therefore, with the development of various forms of grain and oil intensive processing industries, it is bound to affect the supply of feed grains.
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　　From the perspective of import and export trade in recent years, my country imports more than 1 million tons of fishmeal annually.
Not only is the supply in the international market limited, but the price has skyrocketed.
In 2006, it rose from 5,000 yuan/ton to 12,000 yuan/ton.
The annual output of soybeans in my country is only more than 15 million tons, which is far lower than the 80 million tons/year of the United States.
We were still a net exporter of beans ten years ago, but imports have reached 30 million tons in recent years.
Because of the large amount of imported soybean products, the price of soybean meal in my country has risen from 1,200 yuan/ton to 3,200 yuan/ton, and the price is fluctuating.
The prices of other raw materials and feed additives related to these resources have also changed significantly.
In the future, my country’s soybean consumption will continue to increase its dependence on foreign sources.
It is estimated that soybean consumption will reach 50 million tons in 2010, and imports will exceed 35 million tons.
The country’s soybean imports will account for about 70% of total consumption.
The annual output of corn in my country is only 120 million tons, which is tight and far lower than the output of the United States.
In recent years, with the further development of various corn processing industries, the price of corn in the southern region rose from 1,200 yuan/ton in 2006 to 1,700 yuan / ton, caused a national "panic" in grain.
my country has become a net importer of corn last year, and it is estimated that the corn shortfall in recent years will exceed 30 million tons.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　Current status of development of feed resources in my countrymHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　Changes in the price and quality of energy feed and protein feed ingredients are the main factors affecting the development of feed and aquaculture industries.
There is a shortage of feed grain resources in our country, and the supply of energy feed is insufficient; protein feed materials are severely lacking, and the self-sufficiency rate of protein feed is low; high-quality forage resources are limited, and grassland pastures cannot meet the needs of pastoral breeding.
In recent years, the cost of feed production in the country has remained high.
The increase in the price of raw materials has put feed manufacturers on the verge of loss, and the economic benefits of the aquaculture industry are difficult to guarantee, which has affected the livelihood of farmers.
The main problems in the development of feed resources in my country are:mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　1.
The number of potential feed resources is seriously unclear, and technological development is backward.
Mainly: Since the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", my country has not conducted a national unified feed resource survey.
The existing feed resource data is diverse, and the calibers are often different due to different sources; due to the development of feed raw materials and processing technology in recent years , The use of fermentation biotechnology and new drying technology to develop new feed materials such as corn processing by-products and bio-fermented feed materials has emerged one after another.
However, the processing techniques of these materials are different, and the energy cost and nutritional value have also changed greatly.
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　　2.
Insufficient development and utilization of low-quality meal resources: ①The crude fiber content is as high as 14%, the protein content ranges from 20 to 40%, and the effective energy value is less than 70% of the soybean meal.
The color of the meal is black due to the residual crust.
Seriously affect its commercial value; ②The protein (amino acid) digestibility of the meal is low, only 30-60%, which is significantly lower than the high-quality protein feed resources such as fish meal and soybean meal; ③The low-quality meal has a high content of toxic and harmful substances.
It not only seriously affects the performance of livestock and poultry, but also damages animal organs, affects the growth and development of animals, and even causes animal death.
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　　3.
Insufficient development of energy feed resources.
The current annual output of corn is only 110 million tons, while the United States has reached 250 million tons.
Although my country produces more than 200 million tons of rice and more than 100 million tons of wheat each year, in most cases the prices of these two grains are higher than corn, and their effective energy value Only 75-95% of corn, and my country has nearly 100 million tons of rice and wheat processing by-products each year.
The research on grain resources and its processing by-products needs to be developed from traditional digestion and metabolism experiments to research on the digestion, metabolism and utilization of different structural carbohydrates (such as non-starch polysaccharides) and rational processing and utilization.
In addition, my country has abundant feed resources for tubers and tubers such as potatoes.
At the same time, the annual output of agricultural and sideline products (light industry by-products) such as distiller’s grains, vinegar residue, sauce residue, pomace, bean dregs, and corn steep liquor reaches 100 million tons.
The utilization rate in the feed industry is less than 10%, mainly because the traditional processing technology is backward, the input-output ratio is not competitive, and the product energy conversion efficiency is low.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　In general, the average protein produced by animals is equivalent to 32% of the total protein of all concentrated feed resources.
If the average monthly intake of 25 grams of animal protein per capita in my country is converted into protein in concentrated feed for livestock and poultry, the 1.
3 billion population needs 37 million a year.
Tons of protein, calculated with soybean meal (CP43%), is equivalent to my country’s annual demand of about 86 million tons of meal resources.
However, because energy-based concentrated feed can provide about 10% of crude protein, my country needs plant protein resources such as meal and meal throughout the year.
The animal protein feed resource is more than 60 million tons, which is mainly provided by the vegetable meal feed resource in my country's oil industry.
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　　The world’s soybean products are about 160 million tons per year, while the United States is the world’s largest at 80 million tons, followed by Brazil and Argentina.
These three countries account for 80% of the world’s total output.
Although my country has vigorously promoted soybean planting in recent years, the annual output is only about 15 million tons, and the development potential is not ideal.
Although my country's imports of soybeans and soybean meal were not large ten years ago, soybean imports have increased sharply in recent years, even exceeding domestic production.
In recent years, it has reached nearly 30 million tons, which has aroused serious attention from the Chinese and American governments.
In fact, the main reason is that the demand for protein feed resources in my country's aquaculture and feed industries has soared, which has driven my country's soybean product imports to soar.
Although soybean meal is a high-quality protein feed resource, my country’s traditional soybean oil production technology, especially small-scale soybean oil plants and oil crushing plants, does not pay attention to the quality of soybean meal and hardly dehulls oil (almost 99% in the United States) , Resulting in different raw and cooked soybean cakes (meal), large changes in the utilization rate of lysine (70-95%), and protein content of less than 44%.
Through the national "Eighth Five-Year" and "Ninth Five-Year" scientific and technological breakthroughs, the vibrating fluidized bed drying process was used to carry out soybean drying experiments at different temperatures, moistures, and times, and optimized parameters for rapid soybean drying, bursting, and peeling Established a soybean oil production pilot line, which has been applied to soybean oil production processes with a daily processing capacity of more than 2,000 tons.
The crude protein content of dehulled soybean meal produced by the new process can reach more than 49%, and the content of lysine can reach more than 2.
96%, which is 18-25% higher than that of ordinary soybean meal.
At the same time, in the soybean oil desolventization section, the leached wet meal desolventizes the solvent gas flow to ensure that the urease activity is killed while still maintaining high protein and amino acid efficiency.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　There are about 13 million tons of cottonseed in my country every year, which is the largest resource in the world, with an annual output of cottonseed meal of more than 6 million tons.
my country has more than 14 million tons of rapeseed every year (including about 3 million tons of annual imports), the largest resource in the world, with an annual output of 7 million tons of rapeseed meal.
Because of the tens of thousands of traditional oil production processes established in my country over the past century, they only pay attention to the oil yield and ignore the protein quality of the meal, resulting in high crude fiber content, low protein content and low effective energy value in cotton and rapeseed meal.
; Its protein (amino acid) digestibility is low, which is significantly lower than high-quality protein feed resources such as fish meal and soybean meal.
What's more serious is the high content of toxic and harmful substances in cotton and rapeseed meal.
In order to increase the oil yield, traditional oil production processes often use high temperature and high pressure for a long time to make the protein (amino acid) digestion and utilization rate of cotton and rapeseed meal.
Severe decline, its lysine ileal digestibility is only 40-60%, and the US NRC (1984) standard is only 67%.
Therefore, cotton and rapeseed meal are traditionally considered as low-quality protein feed resources.
Western countries began to study the detoxification of cotton and rapeseed meal in the 1960s.
During the "Sixth Five-Year Plan" and "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, my country began large-scale research on the detoxification technology of cotton and rapeseed meal.
After the oil process adopts biological, physical, chemical, water washing and other methods, not only the detoxification effect is not good, but the cost is too large to be applied in the feed industry and aquaculture industry.
The national "Eighth Five-Year" and "Ninth Five-Year" scientific and technological researches systematically carry out research on the development and utilization of protein feed resources, and improve the traditional cotton and rapeseed oil production process to produce new high-efficiency and low-toxic oil cakes, in order to improve my country's cotton and rapeseed cakes.
The feed titer opened up a new way.
The main content is to study cotton and rapeseed detoxification (hull), kernel and husk separation process equipment and the supporting application of cotton and rapeseed meal detoxification process equipment in the traditional oil production process of about 100 tons of cotton and rapeseed per day.
Technology to adjust the oil production temperature, pressure and leaching time to ensure that the meal produced by the oil production process has high protein (amino acid) content, high digestibility and utilization without affecting the oil yield and oil quality of traditional oil production.
Less toxic and harmful substances.
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　　Through the Ministry of Science and Technology "Main Cereals, Oils and Processed Products Safety Quality Standards" and the National Agricultural Achievement Transformation Project "Improved Oil Production Process to Produce New High-Efficiency Rapeseed Meal Pilot Test" and other topics, the new high-efficiency low-toxic rapeseed meal quality standards are: Crude protein content ≥ 40-44%, lysine utilization rate ≥ 80%, crude fiber ≤ 7%, crude ash content ≤ 7%, oxazolidin thione (OZT) ≤ 500 ppm, isothiocyanate (ITC) ≤ 100ppm, nitrile ≤200ppm.
Through the formulation of the national standard of "cottonseed meal for feed" by the National Bureau of Quality Supervision, the national key new product (2003) new high-efficiency and low-toxic cottonseed meal product quality indicators are as follows: crude protein content ≥ 50%, lysine utilization rate ≥ 80 %, crude fiber≤7%, crude ash content≤7%, free gossypol≤300ppm, lysine≥2.
45%.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　At the same time, in the national "Tenth Five-Year Plan" scientific and technological research, in-depth research on key technologies for the development and industrial utilization of forage grain resources has been carried out, and the forage value and value of high-oil corn, high-quality protein corn, early indica rice and their processed products have been studied in depth.
On the basis of the research on processing characteristics, the nutritional parameters of polysaccharides, non-starch polysaccharides and starches with different characteristics were obtained, and a dynamic feeding model of feed grain resources was established.
The "no fish meal, no soybean meal, no corn diet" was used in the main producing areas of early indica rice.
In order to achieve better economic benefits.
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　　Prospects for the development of feed resourcesmHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　Experts predict that when my country's population will reach its peak of 1.
6 billion in 2030, the total demand for food will be 743 million tons, which is more than 50% of the current production capacity.
At the same time, the area of ​​arable land has further shrunk, only about 80% of the current area.
Although relevant experts pointed out that by increasing the multiple crop index and using science and technology to increase per unit yield, my country's grain output is expected to reach 710 million tons in 2030, but there are still obvious variables.
By 2010, 2020, and 2030, 38%, 43%, and 50% of my country's raw grain demand will be used as feed.
It can be said that China’s grain problem in the 21st century is actually to solve the problem of feed grain needed by the breeding industry.
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　　In view of the serious shortage of feed resources in my country, by investigating the stock of feed resources in China, integrating the key technological achievements of my country's conventional energy, protein feed resource substitution technology and the development and utilization of unconventional feed resources, the establishment of a new type of feed resource development and industrialization demonstration in China Technical system, improving the level of development and utilization of my country's conventional and unconventional feed resources, and increasing the supply of feed materials to alleviate the shortage of feed resources in my country is our main task in the future.
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　The application of high-efficiency technology will provide powerful help to solve the shortage of feed resources in our country.
Using biotechnological methods such as microbial fermentation engineering and genetic engineering to screen single or composite strains that remove toxic and harmful substances and improve the digestibility and utilization of NSP and protein, establish energy-saving fermentation processes and equipment to produce new biological feeds.
At the same time, according to the principle of mass transfer and heat transfer, the application of electromechanical integration technology, energy saving technology (such as different energy forms), ventilation technology, etc.
, develops high-efficiency and energy-saving new feed resource drying technology, develops complete sets of equipment, and overcomes the application problems of various resource drying technologies .
mHR China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　my country's fermentation industry has made great progress.
Microbial fermentation and microbial fermentation products have obvious effects on the removal of toxic and harmful substances and anti-nutritional factors in soybean, cottonseed and rapeseed meal, and the degradation of protein macromolecules into small peptides, etc.
Significant effect, can improve the digestion and utilization of protein and NSP nutrients, and achieve the purpose of saving feed consumption.
Through the development of new types of fermented soybean meal, cotton meal, rapeseed meal and other products, not only can the anti-nutritional factors and toxic and harmful substances in the meal be further reduced to a minimum level.
Moreover, the peptide bonds of the total protein molecules of the cake can be degraded by more than 50%, which will have great potential in the development of small peptide nutritional products and functional peptide products.
In addition, the application of biotechnology such as enzyme engineering technology can develop high-protein protein concentrate products such as soybean, cottonseed, rapeseed protein concentrate (CP≥65%), which will further expand the use of meal feed products.
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　　With the rapid development of my country's grain and oil processing, light industrial food fermentation and other industries, a large number of processing by-products and fermentation by-products have emerged, such as corn distillers dregs (DDGS), distiller’s grains, sauce residue, vinegar residue, pomace, monosodium glutamate residue, yeast protein And so on, the industrialized utilization of these resources will produce a large amount of feed materials, and at the same time produce increasingly serious environmental pollution problems.
Sweet potato starch waste residue is leftovers from the separation of sweet potato starch, which accounts for about 75% of the weight of fresh potatoes.
There are currently hundreds of sweet potato starch processing enterprises in Hunan Province.
Potato is a widely used economic crop.
50-70% of the world's potatoes are processed and appreciated, and it is as high as 80% in developed countries.
Although my country's current processing ratio is less than 5%, there are millions of tons of fresh potato residue in the northern region every year.
my country's sauce residue and vinegar residue resources are larger, but due to the long-term unresolved problems of high salt content, the industrial utilization rate is low.
Through the application of new high-efficiency and low-cost microbial fermentation technology and drying technology, it will be able to play a certain role in promoting the development of dregs feed resources.
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　　For the bulk meal feed resources, we will further improve the technology for improving the feed potency in the oil production process, compare and study the technical and economic advantages of the dehulling (husk) hot pressing and cold pressing supporting detoxification processes, and discuss the direct extraction of oilseeds.
, Water enzymatic method, new oil extraction technology, and at the same time protect the quality of plant protein.
In addition to the bulk oil resources of soybeans, rapeseed, peanuts, cottonseed, and sunflower seeds, China also has many small varieties of oil resources, such as camellia seeds, sea buckthorn, walnuts, perilla, pepper seeds, safflower, linseed and so on.
Since China's accession to the WTO, my country's bulk oil crops (except peanuts) have been hit hard.
But for small varieties of oil crops, it is an excellent development opportunity.
According to incomplete statistics, the total area of ​​economic forests in my country has reached 409.
95 million mu, and the area of ​​camellia forests has reached 54 million mu.
In the past 20 years, the total number of stilbene forests in the country has reached 40.
95 million mu.
The area has reached 30 million mu, and the total output of seabuckthorn fresh fruit in 1995 was about 520,000 tons.
At present, the cultivation area of ​​walnut has reached more than 13 million mu, and the output is about 300,000 tons.
The safflower planting area in my country is 450,000 to 900,000 mu each year, of which Xinjiang is the largest production area of ​​safflower, and the planting area of ​​safflower is 250,000 to 400,000 mu.
, The output is about 80% of the whole country.
Therefore, the development potential of special oilseed meal is also great.
my country is also the country with the most varieties, the widest distribution and the most production of Tung Oil and Castor in the world.
With an annual output of more than 300,000 tons of tung meal, the main producing areas are in Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi and Hunan, accounting for more than 60% of the country's total output.
Therefore, there is a certain potential to increase the feed potency of special oilseed meal resources.
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　　my country is rich in potato resources.
According to statistics, in 2005, the planting area of ​​sweet potatoes in my country was about 150 million mu, with an annual output of about 180 million tons, which are mainly distributed in relatively backward economic development areas in the central and western regions such as Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, and Henan.
As the world's largest potato planting and producing country, my country's total output accounts for about 20% of the world's total output, reaching 60 million tons.
my country's annual output of cassava is 5.
5 million tons, and there is great development in the western region.
Today, when the output of grain and cereals in my country is stagnant, through genetic engineering and other biological breeding technologies, the breeding and cultivation of high-yield forage grains have made considerable progress.
The output of feed rice and feed sorghum is more than 20% higher than that of ordinary hybrid rice and sorghum.
, The roughness rate is also higher than 10%, the cost of energy feed is reduced by 10%, and it has the potential to compete with corn, but these grains are not suitable for food.
In addition, high-quality protein corn (QMP) also has better price competitiveness in some nutritional characteristics, so the development and utilization of high-yield feed crop resources has great potential.
Therefore, on the basis of further research on the characteristics and bioavailability of starch and NSP in energy feed, it is necessary to develop new technologies and new processes to improve the effective energy value and utilization efficiency of feed, and to accelerate the industrial application of forage corn substitution technology.
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