The counter thinking of China's entry into WTO

Introduction: [Abstract] after China's accession to the WTO, not only the export products will be restricted by strict technical standards such as environmental protection requirements, but also the domestic service market will be impacted by "service trade liberalization" In this regard, we can not take a passive defensive attitude to study the Countermeasures of "rights and obligations", but should use reverse thinking to find positive and aggressive countermeasures from the opposite side of the problem This paper holds that environmental standards are the restricting factors of trade However, if we unify the two and develop environmental protection industry and environmental trade, we can turn disadvantages into advantages and promote new growth of foreign trade In the same way, although financial liberalization can make use of the requirements of service trade to impact China's market, we can position the development of foreign trade and economic cooperation in the "polar coordinate system", in the way of "big triangle" and "three links" of international trade and economic cooperation, and transfer the unilateral direction of financial liberalization through trade transfer; at the same time, with "technology trade and its services" as the focus, we can replace financial self The tendency to change In this way, we can really achieve the goal of "win-win" P6b [Key words] environmental trade and the focus of TBT / multipolarity to curb financial hegemony / technical trade services On the one hand, developed countries open their markets to Chinese products, on the other hand, they build up technical barriers to trade (TBT) to try to restrict the export of Chinese products with strict technical standards Environmental protection standards are one of the severe measures TBT standard almost makes environment and trade two opposite concepts, but unifying them and developing environment and trade can produce huge economic benefits The specific strategic measures are as follows: p6b 1 Take "environmental standard" as the competitive factor, vigorously develop environmental protection products For a long time, the price, quality and technical content of products have been regarded as the elements of export competitiveness, and few other standard issues have been considered With the globalization of environmental protection, the environmental protection standards of import and export products have become more and more popular in the international market competition In 1995, as soon as the WTO was established, the new concept of "green" of international trade was put forward, aiming at the coordinated development of international trade and global environmental protection In practice, all countries use trade measures to achieve the goal of environmental protection, while developed countries use environmental protection as an excuse to build "green barriers" for trade protection P6b China's main trading partners are: Japan, the United States, the European Union, Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan and other countries and regions Most of them are members of the "trade and Environment Committee" of the WTO, and are also the most prevalent areas of green protectionism On the one hand, they will not hesitate to invest heavily in the development of environmental protection products, and implement subsidy policies; on the other hand, they will establish a good image for their products through a series of regulations, environmental signs, green standards and other systems These policies and measures have greatly improved the competitiveness of export products P6b according to the revised International subsidy and Countervailing Rules of the world trade organization, such subsidies for environmental protection products belong to the scope of non appealing subsidies Therefore, China can not only provide special subsidies and low interest loans for environmental protection products, but also give full play to the advantages of low labor cost and greatly improve the export competitiveness of products In this way, the anti-dumping problems that have long plagued China's export products will disappear in the export of environmental protection products However, in order to make our environmental protection products truly export competitive, we must make two efforts: first, we need to promote foreign trade within China, and vigorously develop the environmental protection industry; second, we need to strictly implement the "environmental protection standards" Generally speaking, enterprises always decide to produce products according to the domestic market demand first, and then export products according to the comparative benefits such as superior technical performance or low cost This development mode of "domestic demand foreign trade" is often misunderstood by some people, who think that products cannot promote the development of foreign trade without export In regions with more developed foreign trade, some enterprises focus on improving the technical content of traditional products, or to promote enterprise innovation with the goal of quick success and instant profit, generally unwilling to take risks to develop relatively unfamiliar environmental protection products Therefore, in order to guide Chinese enterprises to meet the challenges of WTO and develop environmental protection industry, it is necessary not only for entrepreneurs to understand TBT and its "green barriers", but also to help them identify the potential crisis and huge domestic demand market in high growth According to a 1997 World Bank report, the annual loss caused by air and water pollution in China is equivalent to 8% of GDP For this reason, the total environmental protection investment planned by China in the early 21st century will exceed 500 billion yuan Facing such a huge domestic demand market, Chinese enterprises will miss the opportunity of development if they are indifferent P6b analyzes from the essence of international trade, domestic demand and foreign trade are only two stages of product development, and export is the result of expanding domestic demand market after all The consumption heat of environmental protection products raised by the United States, the European Union, Japan and other countries has promoted the export of environmental protection products of these countries, and accounted for half of the international market of environmental protection products They also look at China as a potential market, and will take China's "accession to the WTO" as an opportunity to push forward One of the focuses of this fierce competition is the environmental standards of products At present, the international environmental standard ISO14000 is only a standard of environmental management system The so-called environmental signs of products are issued by the relevant departments of various countries according to the requirements of voluntary applicants according to certain standards The names of the signs are different, such as the "EPA" of the United States, the "EV system" of the European Union, the "ecological standard system" of Japan, and so on These signs are image standards After China's accession to the WTO, it will have greater autonomy to determine its own environmental mark for its products and push it to the world As long as we strictly implement environmental protection standards, China's environmental protection products will certainly produce strong export competitiveness Develop environmental protection industry and establish environmental trade base Environmental trade refers to the trade related to environmental protection, mainly including the trade of environmental protection products and services, as well as the exchange and cooperation of economy and technology in the field of environmental protection Environmental trade has emerged with the development of international environmental protection movement At present, the amount of international environmental trade has exceeded 500 billion US dollars, most of which are owned by China's major trading partners, and even Southeast Asian countries have reached more than 50 billion US dollars However, China's annual export of environmental protection products is only 200 million US dollars, and the development gap is quite large After China's accession to the WTO, if it does not vigorously develop environmental trade, the export gap in this respect will not only widen, but also the domestic environmental protection market will be occupied by developed countries The core of p6b is to develop environmental protection industry In recent years, China's environmental protection industry has grown at a rate of more than 30% There are more than 8000 industrial entities, but the annual output value is less than 4 billion yuan The main reasons are that the proportion of township and private enterprises is large, the production scale is small, the management level is low, the technology is backward, the quality of products and projects is not high, so it is difficult to form a systematic technology and product system on a large scale First, we should strive to find leading projects, introduce high-tech content, take science and technology as the driving force, take projects as the link, establish industrial groups, form product series and industrial system as soon as possible, and realize scale management Second, we should actively promote the transformation and restructuring of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, give full play to the advantages and leading role of state-owned enterprises, so as to implement policy support for environmental protection industry, increase investment and reduce costs Only in this way can the environmental protection industry of our country change from extensive mode to intensive mode, and really get great development The key to the development of environmental protection industry in p6b is to find out the leading projects "In recent years, 673 cities will be built in China, and at least 500 sewage treatment plants will be built With only one sewage treatment project, the state will invest 186 billion yuan, of which 60 billion yuan will be invested in equipment." [1] In addition, our country is vigorously developing the research and application technology of "membrane separation", transplanting this high technology to the manufacturing and application of sewage treatment equipment, a leading project with a huge market and strong competitiveness will not appear? After the establishment of the leading project for the development of p6b environmental protection industry, the environmental trade base must be established according to the market conditions in order to further realize intensive operation and promote environmental trade at home and abroad The environmental trade base should have the function of driving the surrounding economy and radiating the domestic and foreign markets It is produced on the basis of the original developed foreign economy and trade If there is no product market, environmental trade cannot be carried out From the perspective of industrial base and radiation effect of foreign trade, the port cities or special zones such as Shanghai, Xiamen and Dalian are more conducive to the establishment of environmental trade bases P6b environmental trade base can relatively concentrate some industrial entities to form the core content of environmental protection industry, which is conducive to the realization of "industrial greening", that is, to produce environmental protection products in accordance with the requirements of "clean production" At the same time, the environmental trade base is also conducive to attracting and concentrating a large number of outstanding talents, attracting foreign investment directly, implementing supporting policies by the state, and raising funds on a large scale through the market Obviously, the environmental trade base that can concentrate many favorable conditions will inevitably produce the effect of "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts", and create great opportunities for the development of environmental trade P6b 2 As we all know, China has been negotiating with the United States for a long time on accession to the WTO The United States has always asked China to open its financial market Why should the United States do this? Now, how will China, after its accession to the WTO, face the impact and challenges from this aspect? By recognizing the essence of "financial liberalization" of the United States and analyzing the development situation of international economy and trade, we can avoid its sharp points and point to the key points, and find out positive and enterprising countermeasures The essence of financial liberalization is to implement financial hegemony The so-called financial hegemony means that a country or group exploits other countries by taking advantage of its established hegemonic position, opening up other countries' financial markets by forcing financial liberalization, and then exploiting other countries by taking advantage of its privileged position in currency, aggressive financial speculation and international capital flow The United States has established its position of financial hegemony and realized the exploitation of other countries, especially developing countries, by using the hegemony of the dollar, speculative capital, derivative financial instruments, political hegemony and high-tech forces By analyzing the main forms of financial hegemony, it is easy to find the essence of its exploitation and plunder: (1) taking advantage of the privileged position of the US dollar in the international monetary system, obtaining huge seigniorage, taking up the resources of foreign holders, sharing the economic growth achievements of other countries and passing on the crisis; (2) making use of the flow of international speculative capital to create a "strange circle" of international financial operation, from the perspective of financial freedom The third is to create the "rules of the game" of the financial market and to carry out aggressive financial speculation P6b the United States has more than 10000 various