The Center for Brain Intelligence Excellence made progress in the study of neural mechanisms in visual learning behavior.

June 3, nature Communication) online published a research paper entitled "orbitofrontal cortex promotes visual coupling learning by regulating the response gain of primary visual cortex", which was completed by Yao Haishan research group of center for excellence and innovation of brain science and intelligent technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Neuroscience), Shanghai Research Center of brain science and brain like science, and State Key Laboratory of neuroscience, Liu Dechen, a doctoral student, is the first author.the early recognition of the function of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) comes from patients with brain injury.a famous example is Phineas Gage, a railway worker in the 19th century. In an accident, his head was pierced by an iron bar, which damaged the prefrontal cortex including OFC. Although he survived, his character became stubborn, capricious and capricious.experiments in primates and rodents show that OFC plays a key role in flexible behavior and learning behavior.in stimulus reward coupling behavior, OFC neurons encode reward expectation or expected value of stimulation.the reward expectation signal encoded by OFC can be transmitted to other brain regions related to learning and reward behavior, including basolateral amygdala, ventral tegmental area and striatum. Br / >recent studies on the sensory cortex (OFC) of the rodent cortex have been reported.however, little is known about the function of the feedback projection.the team found that photogenetic activation of OFC to V1 fibers decreased the response amplitude of V1 neurons to visual stimuli, but did not affect orientation selectivity.subsequent electrophysiological and in vivo fiber recording experiments showed that OFC feedback projection reduced the amplitude of V1 response by activating V1 SST inhibitory neurons.the researchers speculated that the feedback projection of OFC to V1 may play a role in filtering irrelevant stimuli.to study the role of this projection in visual behavior, the researchers trained mice to perform go / no go visual tasks.after go stimulation, mice were given water as reward; after no go stimulation, there was no reward or punishment.in the process of behavior training, mice gradually learned not to lick water after no go stimulation.electrophysiological recording of V1 neurons in mice showed that the response of V1 neurons to no go stimulation was regulated by reward expectation. When the discharge rate of V1 neurons under the expected correct condition was lower than the expected error, the regulation was mediated by the feedback projection from OFC to V1.by using photogenetic marker technology, it was found that OFC neurons targeting V1 encoded the expected reward signal by reducing the discharge rate, which was opposite to that of V1 neurons.further experiments showed that inhibition of OFC projection to V1 in the presence of no go stimulation could slow down the visual learning rate of mice, and photogenetic activation of V1 SST inhibitory neurons could improve the learning rate of mice. therefore, the project of OFC to V1 can regulate the response of V1 neurons to reward independent stimuli, and facilitate visual coupling learning by changing the significance of stimuli. under the guidance of researcher Yao Haishan, this study was mainly completed by doctoral student Liu Dechen. Researchers sun Yangang and Yang Tianming participated in the cooperation and gave guidance. Deng Juan of sun Yangang group, Zhang zhewei of Yang Tianming group and Zhang Zhiyu of Yao Haishan group also made important contributions. this work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai municipal government. note: A. in the stimulus reward coupling behavior, the reward expectation signal of OFC neurons is projected to V1 through feedback, so that the response of V1 neurons to visual stimulation is regulated by reward expectation. B. C. the regulation of reward expectation signal of OFC to V1 visual response changed the significance of visual stimulation; the change of V1 visual response was helpful to update OFC reward expectation signal and promote learning. article links: Source: brain science and intelligent technology excellence innovation center, the official account is hosted by the microbiological resources and big data center of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 2019, Wen Wen TOP101. reversed the type 2 diabetes, Daniel issued the following article: type 2 diabetes is a simple disease, weight loss or reverse the disease! 2. Just now, science released ten scientific breakthroughs in 2019! 3. Science! Broccoli awakens anti-tumor gene! Chinese medical doctor's letter to his father published in Chinese by lancet! Your "honey", my "arsenic..." 6. Drinking, especially those who blush, may face a higher risk of dementia. 7. Nature weighs heavily! The first creature to completely synthesize and completely change the DNA code was born. 8. This is not a big hazelnut! Science has published a new oral insulin, or will replace the traditional injection 9. Science to prevent baldness: start from never losing hair... 10. Can changing sperm speed affect the sex of offspring?