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▎The content team editor of WuXi AppTec recently, in a study on rodents, scientists at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai discovered that the part of the brain traditionally believed to control old habits , May also play a key role in learning new behaviors.
This delicate balance is controlled by the activity of two adjacent neuronal circuits in the dorsolateral striatum of the brain
.
The paper was published in Nature Communications, a sub-issue of the top academic journal "Nature"
.
The striatum is located deep in the brain.
Scientists previously hypothesized that the striatum plays an important role in the consolidation of learning new behaviors
.
Therefore, the research team wanted to gain insight into the influence of the striatal circuit on behavioral control
.
The research team put hungry rodents in a special cage and trained them to get food by pressing the lever of the dispenser
.
Animals in the experimental group get a food pellet every time they press the joystick, while animals in the control group get no food
.
Two days later, the researchers put these animals back in the cages for training experiments to test the learning effect
.
They found that even if food was no longer delivered, the animals in the experimental group pressed the lever vigorously, indicating that they had learned a new movement, while the animals in the control group only pressed the lever occasionally a few times
.
During the experiment, the researchers used c-Fos mapping (c-Fos mapping) technology to detect neural activity in the brains of these animals
.
The test results showed that after only one training session, neurons in a specific area of the striatum of the experimental group were significantly more active than those in the control group, indicating that they played a role in learning
.
These areas are the anterior dorsal lateral striatum (aDLS), the posterior medial striatum (pDLS), and the nucleus accumbens (NAc)
.
▲Several areas of the mouse brain striatum (picture source: reference [1]) In order to verify this, the researchers injected anisomycin (anisomycin) into each area, which can prevent cells from making long-term memory storage The protein you need
.
Unexpectedly, the researchers found that this drug only disrupts the animal’s ability to remember new movements when injected into the anterior dorsal striatum
.
The research team was very surprised
.
Because in the traditional concept, people believe that new behavior learning is encoded by the memory of the inner back striatum, and the anterior dorsal striatum is only responsible for the part of the habit
.
But the research results show that in addition to adjusting habits, the anterior dorsal striatum is also responsible for the learning and consolidation of new movements
.
Further experiments also support this view
.
For example, shortly after a training session, chemical methods were used to block the activity of neurons in the anterior dorsal striatum, which prevented the animals in the experimental group from remembering that they could press the joystick to obtain food
.
When the researchers looked closely at this area, they found that learning behavior may be controlled by two adjacent, counteractive neural circuits that respond to the neurotransmitter dopamine
.
▲D1-MSNs circuit focuses on remembering new behaviors, and D2-MSNs circuit is responsible for learned habits (picture source: reference [1]) In a circuit, D1 receptor medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) are training After the activity immediately increases, inhibiting these nerve cells will hinder the animal's behavioral learning
.
On the contrary, D2 receptor medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) tend to be stationary after training.
Blocking their activity enhances the animal’s ability to consolidate and remember new movements, but inhibits the animal’s habitual responses that it has learned before.
.
"Over the years we think that the habits and learning new actions that have been formed are likely to be controlled by different parts of the brain
.
However, surprisingly, we found that a brain area traditionally considered to be specialized in expressing old habits may also be controlled by different parts of the brain.
Help the brain to learn new behaviors
.
" Professor Paul J.
Kenny, the corresponding author of the paper, explained, "We hope that these findings can provide new insights for the study of brain cells and circuits
.
These cells and neural circuits form the basis of many diseases.
, Involving abnormal behavior control, including Parkinson's disease and drug addiction
.
"Reference: [1] Smith, ACW, et, al.
(2021).
Opposing roles for striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons in dorsolateral striatum in consolidating new instrumental actions.
Nature Communications, 12(1).
https://doi.
org /10.
1038/s41467-021-25460-3[2] Old Habit-Controlling Neurons May Also Help the Brain Learn New Tricks.
Retrieved August 25, from https:// habit-controlling-neurons-may-also-help-the-brain-learn-new-tricks[3] Part of Brain That Controls Habits Found Responsible for Encoding New Learnings, Neuroscience Research Reveals.
Retrieved August 27, 2021, from https: //
This delicate balance is controlled by the activity of two adjacent neuronal circuits in the dorsolateral striatum of the brain
.
The paper was published in Nature Communications, a sub-issue of the top academic journal "Nature"
.
The striatum is located deep in the brain.
Scientists previously hypothesized that the striatum plays an important role in the consolidation of learning new behaviors
.
Therefore, the research team wanted to gain insight into the influence of the striatal circuit on behavioral control
.
The research team put hungry rodents in a special cage and trained them to get food by pressing the lever of the dispenser
.
Animals in the experimental group get a food pellet every time they press the joystick, while animals in the control group get no food
.
Two days later, the researchers put these animals back in the cages for training experiments to test the learning effect
.
They found that even if food was no longer delivered, the animals in the experimental group pressed the lever vigorously, indicating that they had learned a new movement, while the animals in the control group only pressed the lever occasionally a few times
.
During the experiment, the researchers used c-Fos mapping (c-Fos mapping) technology to detect neural activity in the brains of these animals
.
The test results showed that after only one training session, neurons in a specific area of the striatum of the experimental group were significantly more active than those in the control group, indicating that they played a role in learning
.
These areas are the anterior dorsal lateral striatum (aDLS), the posterior medial striatum (pDLS), and the nucleus accumbens (NAc)
.
▲Several areas of the mouse brain striatum (picture source: reference [1]) In order to verify this, the researchers injected anisomycin (anisomycin) into each area, which can prevent cells from making long-term memory storage The protein you need
.
Unexpectedly, the researchers found that this drug only disrupts the animal’s ability to remember new movements when injected into the anterior dorsal striatum
.
The research team was very surprised
.
Because in the traditional concept, people believe that new behavior learning is encoded by the memory of the inner back striatum, and the anterior dorsal striatum is only responsible for the part of the habit
.
But the research results show that in addition to adjusting habits, the anterior dorsal striatum is also responsible for the learning and consolidation of new movements
.
Further experiments also support this view
.
For example, shortly after a training session, chemical methods were used to block the activity of neurons in the anterior dorsal striatum, which prevented the animals in the experimental group from remembering that they could press the joystick to obtain food
.
When the researchers looked closely at this area, they found that learning behavior may be controlled by two adjacent, counteractive neural circuits that respond to the neurotransmitter dopamine
.
▲D1-MSNs circuit focuses on remembering new behaviors, and D2-MSNs circuit is responsible for learned habits (picture source: reference [1]) In a circuit, D1 receptor medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) are training After the activity immediately increases, inhibiting these nerve cells will hinder the animal's behavioral learning
.
On the contrary, D2 receptor medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) tend to be stationary after training.
Blocking their activity enhances the animal’s ability to consolidate and remember new movements, but inhibits the animal’s habitual responses that it has learned before.
.
"Over the years we think that the habits and learning new actions that have been formed are likely to be controlled by different parts of the brain
.
However, surprisingly, we found that a brain area traditionally considered to be specialized in expressing old habits may also be controlled by different parts of the brain.
Help the brain to learn new behaviors
.
" Professor Paul J.
Kenny, the corresponding author of the paper, explained, "We hope that these findings can provide new insights for the study of brain cells and circuits
.
These cells and neural circuits form the basis of many diseases.
, Involving abnormal behavior control, including Parkinson's disease and drug addiction
.
"Reference: [1] Smith, ACW, et, al.
(2021).
Opposing roles for striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons in dorsolateral striatum in consolidating new instrumental actions.
Nature Communications, 12(1).
https://doi.
org /10.
1038/s41467-021-25460-3[2] Old Habit-Controlling Neurons May Also Help the Brain Learn New Tricks.
Retrieved August 25, from https:// habit-controlling-neurons-may-also-help-the-brain-learn-new-tricks[3] Part of Brain That Controls Habits Found Responsible for Encoding New Learnings, Neuroscience Research Reveals.
Retrieved August 27, 2021, from https: //
