Basic knowledge of main morphology of angiosperms

related topics1. The purpose of the experiment
1. Through the combination of classroom teaching and extracurricular on-site teaching, students can basically master the meaning and composition of the external morphological terms of
flora
with 2 to 3 experimental times.
2. Through the observation of various types of entities (living or specimens), the different types of organs, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and the composition characteristics of various types, are distinguished from the external morphological characteristics.
3. Through the anatomy of flowers, from the external form and internal anatomy structure, master the method of judging the type of crown, the type of male, the type of female, the type of constellation, the position of the sub-room, the number of skins.
4. According to the anatomy observation of flowers, learn how to draw flowers and write flowers.
5. Through the observation of the form of various kinds of fruits and their vertical and horizontal aspects, the morphological structure characteristics of various kinds of fruits are mastered., experimental supplies
(i) materials Plant organs of all types of experimental needs on behalf of the plant's physical specimens (leaf specimens, immersion specimens and living specimens).
(ii) equipment body
microscope
, anatomical needles, tweezers, slides, models. Physical specimens (leaf specimens, immersion specimens and living specimens) that are required to represent plants.
3. Content and Methods
Before the experiment begins, first read the external morphological terms of the plant, the method of the number of skins, the expression of the flower program or flower pattern, and so on. At the same time, in the experimental process, according to the region, season, school hours, professional differences, from which to select some representative plants for teaching.
In teaching methods, the use of modern teaching methods (such as the use of television teaching body microscopes, multimedia, physical projectors, video recorders, VCDs and other modern instruments), indoor teaching and outdoor field teaching methods to demonstrate the external morphological terms of the plant in the material form and structure and other characteristics.
In terms of the materials of the experimental materials required for the experiment of the external morphological terminology of the plant: (1) there are many types of experimental materials to choose from in the same experiment (this book only selects one or several plant materials to introduce), such as the experiment of the top four males, you can choose rape, radish, leeks, etc. Any one of the plant materials; (2) the same material can observe a number of experimental contents at the same time, such as rape as an experimental material, can be carried out at the same time the experimental content is: straight root system, herbs, cross crown, four strong males, compound females, side membrane fetal seat, horn fruit and so on. Therefore, in the course of experiment, we often combine the above two aspects, which can not only save experimental materials, but also improve the teaching effect.
this book uses a choreography that categories experimental content by plant organ type. The advantage of doing this is that when doing experiments of the same class, all projects of the same type can be compared with each other in a timely manner (e.g. the four strong males, two strong males, etc.) in the male section to find out their differences, thus helping students to master the external morphological terms and characteristics of the plant. The following according to the type of plant organs to classify the experimental content arrangement, respectively, introduced observation points and experimental steps.
(i) Root system
on-site pull from the soil of land cotton, soybeans, sorghum, incense attachment and other plant plants, wash the root, observe the composition of its root system characteristics, indicating what kind of root system they belong to.
(ii) Stems
On-site observation of the stems or branches of plants such as bitter plants, Canadian poplars, moon season, bamboo leaf peppers, rice, wheat, vine, grapes, and beans, according to the texture of the stems, indicates which type they belong to. On-site observation of the following plant specimens, according to the growth habits of their plant stems, pointed out which types they belong to: wheat, corn, ground grass, patchy, dog root, strawberries, cucumbers, grapes, lingling, cattle, beans, sore beans.
(iii) Leaf
1. The type of compound leaf
(1) odd plume-shaped compound leaf from the leaves (Figure 2-9 (1)) observation, it can be seen that the top of its feathery compound leaf has a small leaf, the number of small leaves of the entire feather-like compound leaf is singular.
(2) even feather-shaped ponies take maple leaves (Figure 2-9 (2)) observation, it can be seen that the top of its feathery compound leaves do not have a small leaf, the number of small leaves of the entire feather-like compound leaves is even. Look at the leaves of Hehuan (Figure 2-9 (3)) and Nantianzhu (Figure 2-9 (4)) to see how many plume-like compound leaves they belong to.
(3) Palm-shaped compound leaves to observe the leaves of wood pass, seven-leaf trees and other plants, it can be seen that its small leaves are born at the top of the total leaf handle,
(4) feathered three-leaf soybean (Figure 2-9 (5)) leaf observation, it can be seen that its leaves are three small leaves, one of which is born at the top of the total leaf handle, and the other two small leaves are born at the top of the total leaf handle.
(5) palm-shaped three-out leaf take the leaf observation of clover (Figure 2-9 (6)), which forms the top of the two small leaves of the compound leaf are the total leaf handle.
。


。


。
type of complex leaf in Figure 2-9