Ten years review and Prospect of China's dairy industry

Introduction: 2005 is the 10th anniversary of the founding of China Dairy Industry Association, and the fastest development of China's dairy industry since the reform and opening up After ten years of rapid development, China's dairy industry has made great achievements It has developed into a modern food manufacturing industry with advanced technology and equipment, complete product varieties and initial scale This is the result of the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and the hard work of all the staff on the dairy front Looking back on the achievements made in the past decade, there are mainly the following aspects: the production of dairy products has doubled to meet the rapidly growing market demand In 2004, China's total milk output reached 23.68 million tons, a 2.5-fold increase compared with 1995, with a per capita milk share of 18.2 kg; the output of dairy products reached 9.49 million tons, an 8.0-fold increase compared with 1995, including a 14.4-fold increase in liquid milk output; the total output value of dairy industry reached 66.3 billion yuan, a 7.5-fold increase compared with 1995; the per capita dairy consumption of Urban Households It is 124.7 yuan, 3.0 times higher than that in 1995 When we walk into the supermarket, there are a variety of containers for dairy products Dairy products have become the necessary food for people's life after food, meat and aquatic products The rapid development of China's dairy industry has led to the development of dairy farming, forage and fodder planting, transportation, dairy machinery manufacturing, packaging and printing, retail and other related industries In particular, it has made contributions in solving the "three rural" problems and promoting farmers to become rich The level of technical equipment has been significantly improved, reaching or approaching the world's advanced level In this decade, the number of new construction, expansion and technological transformation projects of China's dairy industry is the largest, and the equipment technology level of large and medium-sized enterprises has been significantly improved In particular, the technology and equipment level of large-scale backbone enterprises, which represent the mainstream of China's dairy industry, has reached the international advanced level Dairy factory has become an important force in local industrial enterprises, and the huge outdoor milk storage tank has become the symbol of dairy enterprises The garden type factory, modern workshop, advanced processing equipment and first-class management have made people see the style of modern food processing enterprises The so-called evaluation of "backward technology, outdated equipment and poor product quality" in China's dairy industry has become the past With the rapid expansion of the enterprise scale, a number of large-scale backbone enterprises and famous brand products with large output, good quality and high market share have been formed In 1995, the output of dairy products of the top ten enterprises in China was 56000 tons, accounting for 10.6% of the total output of the country; the output value was only 1.04 billion yuan, accounting for 13.3% of the total output value of the national dairy industry By 2004, the output of dairy products of the top ten enterprises in China was 4.695 million tons, accounting for 49.5% of the total output of the country; the total output value of dairy industry was 37.68 billion yuan, accounting for 56.8% of the total output of the country In the early nineties of the last century, the milk powder production enterprise that processes 200 tons of fresh milk per day has been very remarkable Today, the largest milk powder production factory has a daily processing capacity of 600 tons of fresh milk, all of which are modern equipment In the early nineties of last century, there are only a few liquid milk production enterprises processing 100 tons of fresh milk per day Today, the largest liquid milk production factory has a daily processing capacity of 1500 tons, and its technical equipment is at the international advanced level In 1995, the largest enterprise in dairy industry, the output value of dairy industry in that year was only 1.28 billion yuan, and in 2004, the output value of dairy industry of the largest enterprise reached 8.86 billion yuan In 1995, the total output of liquid milk in China was 524000 tons, while in 2004, the largest output of liquid milk was 1229000 tons In 2005, AQSIQ selected 11 famous milk powder products and 15 famous liquid milk products The product quality has been improved significantly Compared with the 1980s and 1990s, the quality of dairy products has undergone fundamental changes It is mainly reflected in the improvement of raw milk quality In the eighties and nineties of the last century, China's dairy cattle are mainly raised by individual farmers They are raised in courtyard style and milked by hand The scale is small, the quality is not stable, and the phenomenon of adulteration and water mixing sometimes occurs The quality of raw milk is the main factor affecting the product quality, and the government and industry have been trying to explore measures to change this situation It was a measure taken in the 1980s to collect milk at the price of quality In 1998, the mode of "decentralized feeding and centralized milking" was started, i.e a mechanical milking hall was built in a village where cattle were raised intensively The farmers rushed the cows to milking in accordance with the hygienic operation rules The milking hall (station) was cooled and cooled before being pulled to the processing plant This mode not only avoids the phenomenon of adulterated water, but also ensures the hygienic quality of raw milk The first mock exam was popularized in the whole country, and the quality of raw milk has been improved significantly On the basis of popularizing "decentralized feeding and centralized milking", a new mode of "centralized feeding, unified management and unified service" dairy farming cooperative and dairy farming community has emerged in some places It not only improves the quality of raw milk, but also increases the milk production and the income of farmers The number of bacteria in the raw milk produced by the milking hall and the cow feeding community has dropped from millions per milliliter to less than 100000, and the quality can reach the international level At present, the proportion of high-quality milk produced by large and medium-sized enterprises in China is as high as 80% With the improvement of raw milk quality, the quality of dairy products has been significantly improved Remarkable achievements have been made in product structure adjustment Milk powder is the leading variety of dairy products in China, accounting for 80% of the dry dairy products, and it mainly consists of whole milk powder with sugar In the past ten years, the product structure of powdered milk has been changed completely In 2004, the output of milk powder of Enterprises above Designated Size in China was about 900000 tons, including 20.7% of whole milk powder, 13.6% of sweetened milk powder, 3.0% of skimmed milk powder, 37.7% of infant milk powder, and 25.2% of other milk powder (milk powder for middle-aged and old people, maternal milk powder, hypoglycemic milk powder, various fortified milk powder, etc.) It can be seen that the structure of milk powder products in China has changed a lot, the phenomenon of whole milk powder with sugar has been changed, and the formula milk powder suitable for different people's nutritional needs has exceeded 60% of the total output Ten years ago, liquid milk production was mainly in large and medium-sized cities, mainly pasteurized milk (sterilized milk) Since 1980s, the production technology of UHT milk has been introduced After 1997, the development of UHT milk has been rapid In 1995, the ratio of dry dairy production to liquid dairy production was 1:1; by 2004, it was close to 1:5.6 The structure of liquid milk has changed a lot since 1995 In 1999, the proportion of UHT milk and pasteurized milk in liquid milk was 21,1% and 59.9%, respectively By 2004, it had become 66.7% and 18.1% Sterilized milk plays an important role in the production of dairy products With the rapid development of UHT milk, the pace of structural adjustment of dairy products has been accelerated, which has contributed to the development of China's dairy industry, expanded the consumption area of liquid milk, and enabled more cities and rural areas without cold chain conditions to drink low-cost liquid milk Great changes have taken place in dairy consumption areas, which have gradually shifted from large and medium-sized cities to small towns and rich rural areas Ten years ago, the consumption of dairy products was mainly concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, regarded as "nutritious food" and "high-grade food", which were consumed by a few people, such as the old, the weak and the sick In recent years, due to the great development of production and the popularization of nutrition knowledge, dairy products have entered the dining table of ordinary families and become the food consumed by the public In 2003, the per capita consumption of dairy products of urban households in China has reached 124 yuan, the per capita consumption of milk is about 30 kg, and the per capita consumption of milk in some big cities has reached 50 kg Great changes have taken place in dairy consumption areas, which have gradually shifted from large and medium-sized cities to small towns and rich rural areas This is a very happy change, which not only shows that the living standard of our people has been greatly improved, but also the people's diet composition is changing The growth of dairy consumption in rural areas will bring a broader prospect to the development of dairy industry in China [NextPage] looking forward to the future, in the next five years, the dairy industry should focus on the following aspects: implement the scientific outlook on development and realize three changes In recent years, the unconventional development of China's dairy industry has fundamentally changed the relationship between supply and demand in the dairy market In some big cities, the dairy market is in a relatively saturated state, and the growth rate slows down The fierce market competition shows the reality that we have to admit The market of small towns and vast rural areas has just started Although the prospect is broad, it will take a long time to develop The market will become the main factor restricting the development of dairy industry The imbalance between the East and the west, the difference between urban and rural consumption, the monotony of product structure and the high homogeneity of products will also be the factors restricting the development of China's dairy industry In my opinion, the super normal development speed of China's dairy industry in recent years will gradually tend to be gentle Dairy industry should implement the scientific development concept put forward by the Party Central Committee and realize three changes: from speed oriented to benefit oriented, from raw material oriented to market-oriented, from single product structure to multi varieties and differentiation From speed type to benefit type In recent years, many enterprises attach great importance to the development speed, not to the economic benefits, market share, and sales profit rate As a result, the output increases, the sales revenue increases, and the profit level of the enterprise decreases According to the data of the National Bureau of statistics, the profit margin of sales revenue in dairy industry was 6.3% in 2001, 6.8% in 2002, 6.1% in 2003 and 5.4% in 2004 According to the ownership system, the profit margin of sales revenue in 2004 was 8.85% for foreign-invested enterprises, 3.38% for collective enterprises, and 1.98% for private enterprises; according to the scale of enterprises, 5.47% for large and medium-sized enterprises and 5.28% for small enterprises It can be seen that the scale benefits of enterprises have not been brought into play, and there is no obvious gap between the profit level of large enterprises and small enterprises In 2004, the profit margin of sales revenue of the top ten enterprises was only 4.9%, lower than the industry average The reduction of the enterprise's profit level will inevitably affect the development of the enterprise, and then affect the development of the whole industry The decrease of enterprise's profit level also shows the contradiction between production and market, between output and sales Due to the different burden of new and old enterprises, the different preferential policies enjoyed by different regions, and the different prices of raw materials in different regions, the product costs vary greatly The sales price of products should take into account the industry's affordability and the overall interests of the industry Entrepreneurs in dairy industry, especially large-scale backbone enterprises, should play an exemplary role and treat all kinds of promotions calmly Famous brand products should give full play to their benefits In recent years, through the support of government departments, the recommendation of social groups, the advertising of enterprises, the dairy industry has formed some well-known brands in the country In this year's national famous brand product selection, 11 brands of milk powder and 15 brands of liquid milk won the title of national famous brand product.