Technical plan for the prevention and control of kiwi fruit bacterial canker in 2021

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In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of kiwi fruit bacterial ulcer disease nationwide, and to ensure the safe and sustainable development of kiwi fruit production, this plan is specially formulated.
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Prevention and control goals　　The prevention and treatment rate of the main kiwifruit production areas is over 90%, the overall prevention and control effect is over 85%, and the damage loss rate is controlled within 10%.
　　2.
Prevention and control strategies　　Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", based on fitness cultivation and immune inducement, with the core of reducing bacterial invasion, grasping the key of "two fronts and two rears" before flowering and after fruit picking to before leaf fall Period of chemical control.
　　3.
Scope of application　　This program is suitable for the prevention and control of bacterial ulcer disease in the main producing areas of kiwifruit in Shaanxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Anhui, Henan, etc.
　　Fourth, the key technology　　(1) Cultivation techniques for immune inducement and fitness　　1.
Select disease-resistant varieties and disease-free propagation materials　　When constructing the garden, select kiwifruit varieties with strong disease resistance and suitable for local cultivation.
should　　Collect disease-free sterile scion and pollen from disease-free gardens for garden construction, grafting and pollination.
　　2.
Strengthen cultivation management and improve immunity　　According to the variety characteristics, tree age, climate and orchard fertility conditions, rational shaping, pruning and loading shall be carried out to maintain a strong tree vigor and good ventilation and light transmission in the garden.
Apply decomposed livestock manure, bio-organic fertilizer, oil residue, etc.
in autumn, plant vetch and other green manure plants between rows in the growing season to increase soil organic matter content; at the same time, spray microbial inoculants 2-3 times on foliar surfaces, and microbial fertilizer on underground roots 60 -100kg/mu, enhance the disease resistance of the tree.
　　3.
Induced resistance　　For kiwifruit before flowering, young fruit stage and fruit swelling stage, the whole garden shall be sprayed with immune inducer once each.
The medicament can be 800-1000 times solution of 5% amino-oligosaccharide aqueous solution, or other high-efficiency inducers.
Improve tree resistance.
　　4.
Facility cultivation　　For orchards with poor disease resistance, various facilities and cultivation techniques such as plastic greenhouses can be used to block wind and rain transmission, reduce the chance of overwintering, transmission, and infection of pathogens, and achieve the purpose of reducing disease.
　　(2) Monitoring and early warning technology　　1.
Early-warning and disinfection treatment technology for breeding material carrying bacteria　　If the propagation material is collected from diseased areas, orchards or fruit trees with bacteria, it must be disinfected.
Use kasugamycin, zhongshengmycin and other biological pesticides, soak and disinfect according to the recommended amount in the instructions.
Seedlings and scions are generally treated for 15-20 minutes, and pollen is about 5 minutes, then rinsed with water and dried to reduce the risk of long-distance transmission of pathogens.
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Or first carry out the detection of bacteria, when the molecular detection rate of bacteria is greater than 15% or the live bacteria detection rate of bacteria is greater than 5%, it is the warning value, and the disinfection treatment must be carried out according to the above methods.
　　2.
Field kiwi fruit branch ulcer monitoring and early warning technology　　For areas where ulcers often occur, the branch and stem incidence prediction model Y=-17.
36+1.
56 X1+0.
60 X2 (X represents the data predicted by the local meteorological department, X1 is the average daily temperature from November of the year to February of the following year.
The total number of days below ℃, X2 is the number of days with an average daily temperature of 4℃-20℃ in February of the following year), to accurately predict the risk of ulcer prevalence in the spring of the following year.
When Y<5, the disease is sporadic and does not need to be treated in the whole garden; when 5≤Y<20, it is mild to moderate epidemic, and the whole garden must be treated according to the precision prevention technology of "two fronts and two rears"; when Y ≥ 20, it is Moderate to severe epidemic, it is recommended to report to the local administrative department for unified prevention and control.
　　(3) Precise application of pesticides to control bacteria source technology　　1.
Reduce the amount of overwintering bacteria source　　After the fruit is picked, the pests and branches in the garden shall be promptly removed and taken out of the garden for centralized destruction.
During the dormant period, apply Baume 3-5 degree lime-sulfur mixture once on the trunk, or use copper preparations such as king copper to spray the tree evenly to reduce the number of overwintering pests.
　　2.
Disinfection and sterilization　　Use 70% alcohol for surface disinfection of farm tools, cutting saws, and splicing joints used in the orchard.
　　3.
Precise medication of "two fronts and two rears"　　One is to spray the kiwi fruit before flowering (the initial stage of flower buds) and after the flower fall (70% of the flower fall) to control flower rot and leaf spots caused by canker bacteria in the spring of that year.
The medicament can be kasugamycin, Zhongshengmycin, etc.
Biological agents can be mixed with amino-oligosaccharins and other immune inducers for spraying to improve the control effect.
Second, after picking the fruits to before falling leaves, apply or spray the medicine on the main branches of the whole garden once each.
Biological medicine or copper preparations such as king copper, copper hydroxide, and thiazolium copper can be used.
The concentration of the medicine is better than spraying.
The recommended concentration of application can be appropriately increased, and the interval of application is 10-15 days.
　　Source: National Agricultural Technology Center