Technical measures and suggestions for wheat spring management in Baoding, Hebei Province

Introduction: in order to grasp and understand the situation of wheat overwintering in time, put forward suggestions on spring management to ensure the harvest of wheat this year, Baoding City, Hebei Province recently organized an expert investigation team to investigate the situation of wheat overwintering in the city The inspection team mainly inspected some wheat fields of Xushui, Dingxing, Gaobeidian, Rongcheng, Wangdu, Tangxian, Shunping, Mancheng and other counties (cities) Through investigation, the expert group made a comprehensive analysis on the winter situation and existing problems of wheat in the whole city In general, although this year encountered a relatively cold year, due to the strengthening of the management of wheat field before and during the winter, the wheat seedling situation and winter situation were better, mainly in the following aspects: First, although the winter weather is colder this year, the average temperature in winter is about 1 ℃ lower, and the average temperature in December and February is more than 1 ℃ lower than that in the whole year, but due to the large area of frozen water, more precipitation in winter than that in the whole year, the snow cover time is longer, the wheat basically overwinters with green, and the survival rate of green leaves is about 60% (54.9% in the average of Baonan and 61.7% in the average of Baobei), no dead seedlings are found , dead tillering phenomenon Second, the winter precipitation of the whole city is more than 15-30mm (more than 20mm in Fuping, Tangxian, Quyang, Yixian, Shunping, Wangdu, Zhuozhou and Dingzhou, and 15mm to 19mm in other counties), which is 50-200% more than that of the whole year Moreover, the precipitation is concentrated in the late December in the early winter of wheat and the middle of February before returning to green, and the soil moisture is replenished and maintained in time The soil moisture content is good, almost no There is dry soil layer, which is not available in recent years Third, although the sowing date is later, but the sowing date is more concentrated, and the temperature after sowing is always 1-2 ℃ higher than that of the whole year, and the average temperature in the first ten days of December is 2.2-4.7 ℃, 3-5 ℃ higher than that of the same period of the whole year, which is conducive to wheat tillering and delaying the overwintering period of wheat The growth of wheat is balanced, the area of three kinds of wheat fields is reduced, and the wheat generally overwinters with tillers Although some wheat fields have large population before winter, there is no large area of flourishing wheat field However, the inspection team believes that there are still some outstanding problems in wheat production this year First, the wheat is late to green this year, and it is expected that the green return period in Baonan wheat field will be generally delayed by 7-10 days compared with that in recent years According to the forecast of meteorological department, the temperature in March is close to that of the whole year, and the temperature in April is 1-2 ℃ higher than that of the whole year, which is unfavorable to the growth and ear differentiation of wheat Second, due to the low temperature in winter this year, the growth of wheat stopped completely in winter, and the low temperature in February and early March, the ground temperature picked up slowly, so the new roots of wheat basically did not increase, and the proportion of root tillers was generally low According to this investigation, the average number of tillers per plant was 3.63, and the number of secondary roots was 3.28, among which only 0.13, 0.9:1, 1:1, and 1:1 in Baobei Only 0.76:1, significantly lower than the annual ratio of 1.5:1 And the secondary root is small, basically no new root If we do not strengthen the management in spring, it is easy to cause the premature senescence of wheat Third, the grazing and eating of some wheat fields are more serious, which seriously affects the green growth of wheat Fourth, some wheat field weeds are serious Fifth, in the wheat field with large population of high water and fertilizer, although there is no flourishing phenomenon before winter, there is still the possibility of flourishing and lodging in spring Sixth, some semi winter varieties have a certain area in Baobei wheat region It is mainly due to the hype of some dealers, the expansion of some semi winter varieties, such as Shijiazhuang 733, Shijiazhuang 9, Shijiazhuang 8, etc., which brings different degrees of security risks to wheat safety in winter and early spring antifreeze Therefore, in order to achieve a good harvest of wheat, according to experts' suggestions, this year's wheat spring management should focus on "hoeing and soil conservation, promoting root growth, tillering and ear formation, classified management, and reasonable control", and the following measures should be taken seriously: 1 Widely mobilize the masses to do a good job in the management of wheat field with hoeing as the center In this year, the soil moisture is good, but the wheat is green late, the new roots are few, and the proportion of roots and tillers is low We should publicize the importance of ploughing to the masses of farmers, so that they can understand that ploughing can improve the soil temperature, conserve the soil moisture, promote the growth of root system, prevent the premature aging of wheat, and improve the rate of tillering and ear formation From now on to the first water before the general hoe and row all wheat fields 1-2 times 2 Classify and guide the rational use of fertilizer and water in spring As most of the wheat fields have been irrigated with frozen water this year, the soil moisture is better, and the wheat population is larger, the first time of water and fertilizer should be postponed in spring The first water shall be poured on the wheat field without freezing water and poor moisture, the wheat field with poor seedling, the wheat field with long and dry leaves before winter, and the wheat field with grazing and eating on March 25; the first water shall be poured on the wheat field with better seedling and moisture at the end of rising or at the beginning of jointing (the first ten days of April); the first water shall be poured on the wheat field with good moisture, high fertility, large population (the number of stems per mu at the beginning of rising is more than 1.2 million), and there is a risk of lodging The first water of wheat field and the fertilized wheat field before winter should be postponed to the first internode for a long time (in the middle of April) According to the situation of water source, the canal irrigation area should be carried out during the period from March 20 to April 10 (from March 20 to April 10) The total amount of topdressing in spring can be determined according to the yield of wheat and the amount of basal fertilizer, generally 45-50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 15-18 kg of urea, 350 kg per mu of yield level and good seedling condition of high water fertilizer wheat field should promote the cultivation technology of nitrogen late extension and decline, and the topdressing should be mainly applied in jointing stage; the plots with poor seedling condition and low yield can be applied in stages of rising and jointing; high quality and strong gluten wheat can be harvested In order to ensure the quality of wheat, 80% of the first watering and 20% of the second watering were used Do not use too much nitrogen fertilizer in spring to avoid lodging and late ripening In addition, it is necessary to combine the regulation of fertilizer and water with the chemical control in the wheat field with the trend of vigorous growth In this kind of wheat field, when the first fertilizer and water in spring is postponed (to the first fixed length), the plant growth retardants (Zhuangfeng amine, Paclobutrazol, etc.) should be sprayed at the rising stage (around the third leaf of spring), so as to reduce the plant height and prevent lodging 20% Zhuangfeng amine emulsifiable oil of 30-40ml / mu and 30-40kg water can be used for leaf spraying 3 Do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds Plant protection departments at all levels should strengthen the prediction and prediction of wheat diseases and insect pests, so as to achieve accurate prediction and timely control First, do a good job in the control of wheat midge Mobilize the technical personnel to do a good job in the soil washing test, and for the plots (more than 2 heads per sample) that reach the prevention and control index, use 2% methylisowillow powder or 1.5% methyl1605 powder 2.5kg and 25-30kg of screened wet fine soil to mix well, or use 200ml of 50% zinc sulfur phosphorus emulsifiable oil per mu, mix well with 1-2kg of water and spray on 20-25kg of fine soil, and spread evenly in the wheat ridge on April 15-25 On the basis of that, spray the residual insects at the early stage of wheat heading The second is to pay attention to the control of powdery mildew in the wheat fields with high density and high fertilizer and water; the third is to use benzhuanglong (giant star) or wheat straw light to control the overwintering weeds in the plots without herbicide before winter, which can not be used too late, so as to avoid the damage to the next crop 4 Take effective measures to prohibit grazing in wheat field At present, the wheat has begun to turn green, but in some wheat areas, there is still a phenomenon of grazing At this time, grazing does great harm to the wheat field First, it is easy to uproot the wheat seedlings, second, it seriously affects the growth of wheat, resulting in the reduction of production Therefore, all counties and cities should take effective measures to resolutely prohibit grazing in wheat fields 5 Take preventive measures to reduce the damage of late frost Winter wheat can resist the low temperature of - 20 ~ 25 ℃, but the cold resistance drops sharply after jointing Although the temperature is predicted to be high in April, there is still the possibility of late frost damage, especially in this year's Baobei wheat region, where the semi winter varieties have a large planting area Therefore, all counties (cities), especially in Baobei wheat region and low-lying wheat region, should pay close attention to the weather changes in the first and middle of April, and pay attention to the weather forecast, if there is a sharp drop In warm weather, measures should be taken to prevent frost, such as watering and smoking, before cooling down, so as to minimize the losses caused by disasters 6 All relevant departments at all levels should strengthen the service to the wheat spring pipe Agricultural departments should immediately organize agricultural technical personnel, conduct "three inspections" in the field, put forward targeted technical guidance, do a good job in agricultural technology training, and ensure that technical services are in place At the same time, we should cooperate with the agricultural material supply department to do a good job in the preparation and supply of fertilizer, pesticide and other materials needed for wheat spring management; coordinate and cooperate with the industry and commerce, price, technical supervision and other departments to do a good job in the management of agricultural material market, prevent and control the damage of fake and inferior agricultural materials to farmers, ensure the smooth progress of wheat spring management work, and ensure the harvest of wheat this year