Swine fever is a mirror: "The theory and practice of african swine plague prevention and control" by authoritative experts

introduction: Push an expert's speech today. His name is Hu Huaji. This person is a doctoral tutor, Director of the Pig Infectious Disease Research Office of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute and Head of the Swine Fever Research Group. There are many titles on them, and it's not just that you know the authority of his swine plague research. This is his speech at the Mountain and River Forum, dry goods more, so here forward. Jun do not be afraid of the long, patient reading, there will be benefits.
FP9 .Dear leaders, experts, colleagues, good morning!
FP9 .Thank you for the introduction of the host, thank you for the invitation of the conference organizers, give me this opportunity to learn and exchange. Just now, Director Zhang reported on the situation of swine fever in Africa, and we can feel the major challenges that African swine fever brings to our national economy and people's livelihood.
FP9 .The topic of my report is a little changed, the content is basically the same, my report is entitled "African swine plague prevention theory and practice." It covers six areas, notably the introduction of swine fever in Africa, the effects of Swine fever in Africa, and my personal advice at the national and pig farm levels.
FP9 .1. African swine fever is a major infectious disease, its harm is self-evident, the impact on everyone involved in the industry is very serious. What should our attitude towards swine fever in Africa be? Strategic contempt, not to be afraid, but tactically must be taken seriously, because its impact is all-round, its impact on a country, an industry is disastrous and devastating. We need to know the disease and our enemies and our opponents.
FP9 .2. The pathogen of African swine fever, called the African Swine Fever virus, is a very unique virus. Its classification is very unique, is the only member of the African swine fever-related virus section, we know less about the African swine fever virus, we can learn less. It has a large and complex genome, has many layers of protection, and has super-in vitro viability. It was found in Africa, africa's living conditions are very bad, African wild boar can not eat for a long time can survive, so in the African environment, everything is very strong, including the Ebola virus and other pathogens are very serious. It has three types of hosts: pig, wild boar, and slug. It seems that these three things are a bit of a cow and horse do not match, how to get together with the African swine plague, this is very strange, do not know whether this virus was originally a pig virus or a virus, its transmission route is also very complex.
FP9 .3. I summed up some of the characteristics of the African swine plague virus: not afraid of cold, not afraid of dirty, not afraid of salt, it is particularly resistant to low temperatures, in a frozen environment can survive for several years. In different media, especially in the environment rich in organic matter, it is very viable, so our pig farm should not be too dirty, too dirty easy to hide dirt, easy to give the virus survival opportunities. Some experts have come up with new ideas that salt is good for the virus's survival, which needs to be confirmed, but there seem to be many factors, many signs, and a lot of evidence that the virus is very much in love with salt. It has a wide tolerance to pH, from 3.9-11.5 pH environments can survive, you can imagine how resistant it is.
FP9 .4. The weakness of the African swine fever virus I have summarized a few, not necessarily quite right, which is also relatively. African swine plague virus host is relatively single, mainly pigs, and avian influenza virus host is very wide, foot-and-mouth disease virus host is very wide, pseudo-rabies virus host is also very wide. Once a pig is infected with the African swine fever virus, it basically ends in death. Epidemiologically, the host dies after a viral infection, which is not conducive to the survival of the species, is not conducive to the evolution of living things, but is conducive to the purification of the disease. In addition, it has a very important characteristic, this virus has no legs, can not fly, it runs by people. If it is a so-called disease, it is a man-made disease. I summed up its four fears: fear of heat (need 56 degrees above, 37 degrees no problem, all live very well); Some organic acid pH can reach 3.9 below, some even reach 3.6, organic acid is an energy substance, drinking water inside with this kind of thing, can make the pathogen inactivated. Strong alkali is a good disinfectant, don't doubt it. I do not know which experts say that the fire alkali is not good, is really slippery world big. Disinfectants to choose correctly, I will mention later, there are some disinfectants are useless, sometimes the so-called disinfection is psychological comfort, did not play any role.
FP9 .5. The virus is prone to mutation and has now identified 24 genotypes, mostofly in Africa, after the virus comes out of Africa, and do not know why genotypes have changed too much. Gene TYPE II is found in East Asia and Eastern Europe, including, of course, China. Genotype I in western Africa. Serogroups are not exactly the same as serotypes, they are smaller than serotypes, and the so-called cross differences are not different to serotype.
FP9 .6. The susceptibility host is mainly domestic pigs, wild boars and slugs, and the slugs are a special kind of soft slugs, called blunt edges. Wild boars are not exactly the same, Wild boars in Africa are very resistant, after infection to live well. This gives us the lesson: Perhaps in nature, there are some resistance genes to be discovered. The source of infection is infected animals, including pigs, wild boars and ticks, as well as their excreta and secretions. The transmission route is human activities, including people, cars, objects, must have contact, no contact will not be infected and ill, which is a very important feature of African swine fever. And, of course, bites, including tick bites, mosquito bites.
FP9 .7. You can take a look at the history of swine fever in Africa. The virus spent most of its time in Africa, accidentally bringing the pathogen from Africa to Europe in the 1950s, first in Portugal, then in most European countries, and then to parts of the Americas, including Brazil and Haiti. Surprisingly, in that era, under that technical conditions, most countries spent different times to successfully eradicate the disease, some three years and five years, some twenty Chinese New Year's Eve years, which is worth summarizing and learning from.
FP9 .Since then the disease has stopped for decades, nor is it absolutely stopped, africa is still an old epidemic area. It was passed on to Georgia in 2007, which was an iconic event, with some saying it was a biological weapon and some saying other factors. The spread to Georgia was not well controlled, and it spread to Russia and Eastern Europe, where almost none of the Eastern European countries were spared. In 2018, the disease spread to its dream paradise China is really its Garden of Eden, arguably its long-awaited place. In addition to China, there are our neighboring countries including Mongolia, Vietnam, Cambodia, I suspect that Southeast Asian countries will fall sooner or later.
FP9 .8. At present, the whole of China is red, except for Taiwan's unliberated, the loss of hundreds of billions of dollars. The official figure, which Mr Zhang said just now, is that the number of sows in storage is reduced by 20%, and I know by different channels that the situation may be higher, and the damage is very, very heavy. Early is mainly retail, now is basically medium-scale-based, many large-scale pig farms fell, the storage column of tens of thousands of pigs have fallen. It's worth pondering, is it the biosecurity of a pig farm or a human factor? At present, the pollution surface is very wide, now do not know where this virus hides, there are many private treatment of the epidemic, do not know where buried, some people openly throw dead pigs into the road, throw into the river, throw into the woods, some simply buried a buried, buried after no mark, we do not know where pollution, this is a very sad thing.
FP9 .9. I don't have to say much about the symptoms. To sum up, it's very similar to swine fever, it's very similar to swine poison, and once there's a clinical symptom like swine fever, we have a high degree of doubt about whether it's African swine fever. Our swine fever vaccine is a must-have, good prevention and control, rarely see the typical swine fever. If you see a pig with fever, not eating, getting a hair, bleeding or even blood, or having a miscarriage, this is a very important sign, especially if the sow suddenly does not eat, reduce stalk by 20% or more, it is highly doubtful.
FP9 .10. In terms of lesions, it is characterized by abnormal swelling and brittleness of the spleen. Spleen swelling is not unique to African swine fever symptoms, some diseases such as papyric bacteria infection also have spleen swelling, pig dan poison also has spleen swelling, pig Dan poison spleen swelling color is not the same, pig Dan poison spleen swelling is cherry red, rose red, African swine fever it is black red.
FP9 .In terms of symptoms, the virulity of the virus is not the same, in some areas is highly pathogenic or acute, than our current domestic strain is stronger, the worst mortality rate is 100%, but the time of death is shorter, 3-5 days all dead light.
FP9 .You may ask if the virus will become chronic. Now it seems that the death rate of the virus is decreasing, but I personally believe that the virus will not weaken in such a short period of time, weakening will take time. In a region, the epidemic is not two years, three years, five years, the toxicity will not decline. If the fatality rate is to fall, it may be because of the measures we have taken, we have done some articles on feeding management, feed nutrition, environmental control, including the addition of some things to the feed, in the fight against the African swine fever virus.
FP9 .　　The whole body red, ears hair, skin necrosis, bleeding, lesions are almost systemic wide spread of bleeding, more typical is intestinal bleeding, a bit similar to the northern region of the blood intestine. Finally, the incidence of more typical peak period, intestinal diffuse bleeding, the intestine is almost full of blood, so causeblood-like lesions, lymph nodes like purple grapes.
FP9 .　　Three or five years from now, we may see chronic African swine fever, with atypical symptoms, and untypical lesions, very similar to other bacterial infections, such as joint swelling, a bit like streptococcus, and the lungs that show up as so-called cheese-like necrosis.
FP9 .　　11. These symptoms are good, lesions are good, and cannot be used as the sole basis for diagnosis of the disease, especially as a so-called political disease, we cannot rely on these clinical symptoms, lesions alone, but also on laboratory diagnosis. Now OIE recommended diagnostic methods include PCR and quantitative PCR, our domestic basically quantitative PCR-based. By three years and five years later, once chronic African swine fever has emerged, the ELISA approach is imperative. Spain was basically based on ELISA in the latter stages of the outbreak, which is a bit like swine fever, pseudo-rabies screening for eLISA-positive infected animals. This, of course, is done without vaccine immunity.
FP9 .　　12. Just now, Zhang mentioned the impact of African swine fever on us, which should be all-round. Yesterday, some experts said that the impact of African swine fever is no less than Wenchuan earthquake and Tangshan earthquake, I agree, I even think that this outbreak is no less than a war, although it is not dead, but caused economic losses, the impact on the national economy and people's livelihood, the political and economic impact is no less than a war. African swine fever is a very "good" biological warfare agent, if you want to dry a country, African swine fever may play a very important role in breaking the door.
FP9 .　　African swine fever has brought great influence to our breeding pattern, pig-breeding layout, pig-breeding model, mode of operation, consumption habits, upstream and downstream industries and even every family, especially those engaged in pig-related industries. Yesterday someone said that the pig industry upstream and downstream employees have a billion, I think it is possible, this one hundred million people behind countless families, this impact is all-round. Our senior management should be aware of this impact, effective prevention and control of this disease is more necessary.
FP9 .　　Another important impact is on Project 1, which is the battle against poverty. With us immediately achieving the 2020 victory, african swine fever may bring some people who have just been lifted out of poverty back to poverty, which is very, very possible, even realistic.
FP9 .　　If there is one positive effect on us, african swine fever is called biosecurity, which may be the only positive effect that can be used to masturbate. If we face it correctly, it may be a "gift" from God, a historic opportunity for our industry to upgrade, and if we can grasp it, perhaps the gap with developed countries can be shortened by 10 or even 20 years. The gap between us and developed countries is biosecurity, variety, feed, etc. are not a problem, of course, there are management and human quality issues.
FP9 .　　13. African swine fever is a mirror, we all take all things clearly, our epidemic prevention system is very clear to everyone, to one of our regions, relevant departments and a pig farm management capacity, crisis management capacity is a comprehensive test, leadership at all levels of responsibility, the quality of practitioners, professionals and scientists, in the end, is the key moment to test your strength and feelings. Is also a mirror reflecting the life of a hundred states, every time I see the pigs thrown on the highway, the river, always feel our pig farmers, our industry really need to seriously reflect.
FP9 .　　14. Let's look at what other countries do. What does the EU do, whether it's African swine fever or other major epidemics? From the national level: first, unified legislation. For a certain type of disease to do comprehensive legislation, this legislation is not only for everyone to see, but to be strictly enforced. Whoever brought African swine fever to which country might go to jail? Second, the issue of prevention and control of major infectious diseases.