Study on the application of ozone

As early as the 19th century, people realized the special role of ozone As a strong oxidant, disinfectant, refining agent, catalyst, ozone has been widely used in water treatment, medicine and health, petrochemical industry, food, papermaking and fragrance purification Over the past 100 years, ozone has been applied in many fields and made great contribution to the development of human production technology The application of ozone can be divided into four fields: water treatment, Medical Pharmacy, chemical oxidation, food processing and preservation The application research and equipment development in each field have reached a very high level The world has formed an independent ozone technology industry and sector The International Ozone Association (IOA), established in 1973, is located in Canada The association holds international conferences every two years to exchange papers and reports on ozone technology development in various countries, and IOA regional organizations are generally established in developed countries for academic exchanges After World War II, ozone application technology in the world has made great progress First of all, in 1902, Paderborn, Germany, established * large-scale water plants that use ozone to treat water quality and pioneered ozone water treatment Now, thousands of ozone water plants in the world, such as water plants in Europe, America, Japan, Canada and other countries, have reached the popularization level of ozone application Almost all mineral water and purified water manufacturers are equipped with ozone equipment In the early 1970s, the United States began to use ozone to treat domestic sewage, mainly for sterilization and disinfection, removal of pollutants, decolorization and other discharge standards In Japan, wastewater is treated with ozone and used as reclaimed water in water shortage areas In recent years, the United States, Japan, Germany, France and other countries have established large-scale ozone sewage treatment plants Secondly, industrial application of ozone is also very common, mainly used in chemical industry, petroleum, papermaking, textile and pharmaceutical, fragrance industry The application of food industry is more popular In 1904, Europe used ozone to preserve milk, meat products, cheese, protein and other foods In the late 1930s, 80% of the refrigerated egg stores in the United States were equipped with ozone generators After World War II, ozone was used in storage, manufacturing and transportation of fruits and vegetables in Europe, America and Japan In terms of medical treatment, during World War II, Japan used ozone for physical therapy of human body, while Russia was used for the application of strong air (ozonized air) to sports people
At present, there are many uses in medical treatment in the world, such as air disinfection in wards and operating rooms, disinfection of medical devices with ozone water, treatment of dental diseases with ozone (oral surgery and keeping oral sterility), treatment of cancer with ozone and radiation therapy, treatment of gynecological diseases with ozone water cleaning, treatment of fistula hemorrhoids and varicose veins with ozone gas injection, etc In terms of health care, Japan and Taiwan are popular for taking strong air (including air with low concentration of ozone) to strengthen their bodies, shower their bodies with ozone water to kill bacteria and beautify their bodies Now the popular high-tech beauty, in fact, is the application of ozone In addition, in the "technical specifications for disinfection" issued by the Ministry of health of the people's Republic of China in 1991, there are clear regulations on the bactericidal effect of ozone, the scope of use and the method of use Among them, the bactericidal effect of ozone is clearly affirmed: "4.12.2 bactericidal effect: ozone is a broad-spectrum bactericide, which can kill bacterial reproduction and spores, viruses, fungi, etc., and destroy botulinum toxin Ozone can kill bacteria faster than chlorine in water These are the national regulatory standards for sanitation and disinfection, which are very strong support for the promotion of ozone disinfection technology 1 The broad-spectrum germicidal efficacy of ozone Since the discovery and use of ozone, scientists have been testing the germicidal performance of ozone There are many test reports in this area The following is a review from several aspects The killing effect of ozone gas on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the air was observed At 15 ℃, humidity 73%, ozone concentration 0.08-0.6ppm, the killing rate in 30 minutes is more than 99.9%; in wuxuezhou and other tests, the killing rate of ozone to Escherichia coli is 100%, to Staphylococcus aureus is 95.9%, to Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 89.8% In Gu Shiqi and other tests, the killing rate of ozone to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is 99.7% and 99.9%, respectively Ju Xijuan and others used ozone to kill 99.99% of the Staphylococcus albus in the air; Burleson and others used ozone gas to pass it into the phosphate buffer containing Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae After 15 seconds, all the above bacteria were killed; Bai Xiyao and others found that ozone water solution was used for sterilization The killing rate of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 100% when treated with 0.3mg/l ozone solution for one minute According to the report of ozone on bacterial spore Qu Falin, under the action of 5.5mg/m3 ozone for 45 minutes, the spores of Bacillus subtilis black variety dripped in a 100ml plastic bottle can be 100% killed; according to the report of Ju Xijuan, the spores of Bacillus subtilis black variety in the air can be killed by turning on an ozone generator of 500mg / h for 60 minutes in a 1m3 test cabinet Under the dynamic test condition, ouyangchuan et al Introduced the ozone gas into the well water, when the ozone concentration was 3.8-4.6mg/l, the killing rate of Bacillus subtilis var niger spores in the water was 99.999% It was found that the titer of HBsAg decreased from 1:256 to 1:64 after 30 minutes of ozone treatment at a concentration of 10.3 mg / m3 Shijiang et al Reported that when ozone concentration was 13.6mg/m3, it was used for 30 minutes to destroy HBsAg by 99.99% and hepatitis A virus antigen (Haag) by 100%; wolo et al Showed that 0.5ppm ozone could inactivate influenza A virus in the air by 99%; herbbold et al Reported that when ozone concentration was 0.13mg/l in 20 ℃ water, it could inactivate poliovirus I (PVI) by 100% When the concentration of ozone is 0.09mg/l-0.8mg/l, the phage T2 can be inactivated by 5-7 pairs in the first 5 seconds of Zui reaction Finch found that when the concentration of ozone in water was 40 μ g / L, it could inactivate the phage MS2 for 20 seconds Vaughn et al Compared the inactivation effect of ozone on simian rotavirus sa-h and human rotavirus 2 at 4 ℃, and found that both viruses can be inactivated rapidly by 0.25mg/l ozone Crpend et al Tested the inactivation of HIV in the serum after ozone treatment It was proved that when the ozone concentration was 4mg / L, the titer of 106cid50 / MLIV could be inactivated completely, and the titer of the virus could be reduced by 6 logarithm values It was reported that when ozone concentration was 9.6mg/l, the killing rate of Aspergillus versicolor and paedophilus peach was 100%, that of Cladosporium cereus was 23mg / L30 minutes, that of Penicillium citrinum was 15.4mg/l for 30 minutes, and that of Fusarium oxysporum was 15.5mg/l for 20 minutes For Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria tenuifolia and Mucor javanica, the inactivation rate reached 96.4% when the ozone concentration was 3.85-10.7mg/l for 10-20 minutes Wu xuezhou et al Found that the killing rate of ozone to Penicillium in 30 minutes was 93.8%, and to Trichoderma in 30 minutes was 100%; Bai Xiyao et al Reported that the concentration of 15 mg / L ozone solution for 1 minute could kill 100% of the Aspergillus niger and yeast in the test The inactivation effect of ozone on Giardia lamblia and Giardia Rattus at 22 ℃ was compared with finch et al When CT value was 0.86mg.min/l, Giardia Rattus could be reduced by 4 pairs When CT value was 2.5mg.min/l, Giardia Rattus could be reduced by 4 pairs Korich et al Compared the inactivation effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide and chlorine on the oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum in purified water The results showed that 90% of the oocysts could be inactivated by 1 ppm ozone for 5 minutes, 1.3 ppm chlorine dioxide for 1 hour, 80 ppm chlorine for 1.5 hours The above report shows that ozone has obvious inactivation effect on almost all bacteria, viruses, molds, fungi, protozoa and oocysts, and the sterilization time is extremely fast, 300-600 times of chlorine and 3000 times of ultraviolet The sterilization mechanism of ozone, Roy and other research reports, ozone can destroy the four polypeptide chains of virus capsid protein and cause RNA damage; Kim and other reports, during the process of ozone action, RNA in phage can be released, and electron microscope observation shows that phage is broken into small pieces It is also believed that ozone can react with lipid double bond of bacterial cell wall, penetrate into the interior of bacteria, act on lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides, change the permeability of cells, thus leading to bacterial dissolution and death 2 Explanation of toxicity, corrosiveness and safety of ozone Ozone is a non-toxic material safety gas, and its toxicity is mainly due to its strong oxidation ability When the concentration is higher than 1.5ppm, personnel must leave the site The reason is that ozone stimulates human respiratory system, causes stress response of respiratory system and serious reversible injury Therefore, the ozone industry association has formulated health standards: International Ozone Association: 0.1ppm, exposure for 10 hours; United States: 0.1ppm, exposure for 8 hours; Germany, France, Japan and other countries: 0.1ppm, exposure for 10 hours; China: 0.15ppm, exposure for more than 8 hours is the safety and health standard for people in ozonized gas environment, and the product of concentration and exposure time can be regarded as the reference point It is reported in the literature that when the ozone concentration is 0.02ppm, people with sensitive smell can detect it, which is called the sensory threshold When the ozone concentration is 0.15ppm, it is the olfactory threshold, which can be detected by ordinary people, and it is also the health standard point When the concentration reaches 1-10ppm, it is called the stimulation range, and above 10ppm, it is the poisoning limit In fact, safe use of ozone can completely ensure that people's health is not harmed On the contrary, when breathing ozone concentration below 0.1ppm, it will have health care effect on human body Since the application of ozone for more than 100 years, there has not been a death accident due to ozone poisoning in the world Ozone has strong oxidizability Ozone can oxidize many metals When aluminum, zinc and lead contact with ozone, they will produce oxidation corrosion However, chromium iron alloy (stainless steel) containing 25% Cr will not be corroded by ozone basically Ozone also has a corrosive effect on non-metallic materials Ozone has a great corrosive effect on ordinary rubber Therefore, silicon rubber with corrosion resistance or rubber products with corrosion-resistant agent should be used in the application Generally, high-voltage power supply is used for ozone generation, so it shall not be used in the environment with conductive gas or hydrocarbon containing medium, and the user shall follow the operation procedures safely