Study finds unhealthy eating habits may cause 'proteinuria'

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence and hospitalization rates of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially end-stage kidney disease, which is 287 cases per million people per year, and the number of patients requiring kidney replacement therapy continues to increase. The main causes of CKD include diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity, all of which are caused by poor eating habits.Currently, research to assess the relationship between diet and CKD focuses on nutritional intake or nutritional balance. In addition, in recent years, eating habits, including meal times and meal styles, have also received attention. Eating habits are associated with lifestyle-related diseases, and as a predictable risk factor, understanding these unhealthy eating habits is important for treating lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes or obesity.Although unhealthy eating habits that cause metabolic disorders are a potential risk factor for CKD, the relationship between eating habits and CKD has not been fully clarified.Recently, researchers from The University Hospital of Kaiser in Japan conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore the relationship between poor eating habits and CKD's key prognostic factor, protein urine attacks. The findings were published in the journal Nutrients.Proteinuria, as the name suggests, is protein in the urine. Normal urine contains a small amount of small molecular protein, ordinary urine routine examination can not be measured, when the protein in the urine increased to urine routine examination can be measured, that is, protein urine.For the study, researchers looked at more than 26,000 patients over the age of 40 who under conducted annual medical examinations in Kinze between 1998 and 2014, with an average follow-up period of 3.4 years. Unhealthy eating habits are defined as:too late for dinner (3 or more times a week to go to bed within 2 hours of eating);No breakfast 3 or more times a week;fast diet (faster than people of the same age);night snack (3 or more meals per week after dinner).The average age of the participants was 68, of which 44 per cent were men. Baseline characteristics show that fast eating (29 per cent) was the highest proportion of all unhealthy eating habits, followed by late dinner (19 per cent), late-night snacks (16 per cent) and no breakfast (9 per cent).During the follow-up period, 10.6% of the participants developed urine protein, with an annual rate of 32.7 per 1,000 people.By analyzing the Kaplan-Meier curve and the risk ratio of proteinuria seizures for each unhealthy diet, the researchers found that participants who were too late for dinner and did not eat breakfast had a significantly higher risk of proteinuria seizures after multivariate adjustments (p s 0.016 and p s 0.016, respectively). However, fast diet and late-night snacks were not associated with an increased risk of proteinuria attacks (p s 0.994 and p s 0.222, respectively).In addition, for any type of unhealthy eating habit, the interaction between baseline eating habits and each baseline variable, i.e. age, gender, and BMI, was not significant. During follow-up, unhealthy eating habits were not associated with changes in body mass index or waist circumference height ratio.Notably, this isn't the only study to report a relationship between late dinner and the risk of eating no breakfast and proteinuria.Back in 2014, an observational study reported that late dinner and no breakfast may interact with proteinuria risk.Although the study did not find a link between unhealthy eating habits and changes in body mass index or waist circumference height ratio, a 2018 observational study found that eating no breakfast was associated with annual changes in men's BMI and waist circumference. All in all, unhealthy eating habits, like unhealthy rest habits, affect our physical health, leading to normal physiological disorders of the human body and infection. (Biological Discovery) : 1.Association Between Unhealthy Dietarys and Proteinuria Onset in a Japanese General Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study 2. Potential Association between Breakfast Skipping and Concomitant Late-Night-Dinner Eating with Metabolic Syndrome and Proteinuria in the Japanese Population 3.Association of night eating habits with metabolic syndrome and its components: a longitudinal study