Structure and characteristics of high-pressure reactors

In recent years, reactor leaks, fires, and explosions have occurred
repeatedly.
Because the kettle is often filled with toxic and harmful hazardous chemicals, the consequences of the accident are more serious
than the general explosion accident.
It is imperative to develop a large high-voltage pressure reactor with a development direction and level, while being safe and stable
.
Reactors are commonly used in petrochemical, rubber, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals and other industries to complete the sulfonation, nitrification, hydrogenation, hydrocarbonization, polymerization, condensation and other processes, as well as organic dyes and intermediates of many other processes of the reaction equipment
.
The high-pressure reactor is the most ideal device for high-temperature and high-pressure chemical reactions in China, especially the chemical reaction of flammable, explosive and toxic media, which shows its superiority
.
However, the high-pressure reactor is also a dangerous equipment
that is prone to leakage and fire and explosion accidents.
1, the determination of technical parameters of the technical parameters is the first step in the design of the reactor, but also a key step, it includes: 1.
1 design pressure (or the highest working pressure), design temperature (or the highest working temperature) When the user provides only the highest working pressure and the highest working temperature, first according to the nature of the material to determine the form and type of the safety discharge device, and then according to GB150-1998 "steel pressure vessel" Appendix B "overpressure relief device" related requirements to determine the design pressure and design temperature
。 1.
2 The content of the kettle is the effective volume and the full volume, and the user generally gives the effective volume (that is, the operating volume).

At this time, the material filling coefficient must be determined according to the requirements of safe production, the number of filling is generally 0.
6 ~ 0.
85, for the kettle body with container flange structure, the material filling height should not exceed the container flange sealing surface
.
1.
3 Material name and characteristics are important factors
in determining the structure and material selection.
1.
4 The type of stirrer and the stirring speed are related to the size of the stirring power and the quality of the mixing effect
.
1.
5 If the motor power cannot be provided by the user, it is necessary to know the viscosity of the material, the type of agitator, the diameter and the mixing speed, determine the required mixing power according to the requirements of the "calculation of the mixing equipment", and then count the power lost by the shaft seal, the bearing and the reducer and the transmission pair, and the motor power
of the upward rounding standard.
At present, there are three commonly used shaft seal types, namely: packing seal, mechanical seal and magnetic transmission seal
.
2.
1 The packing seal is generally used under the condition of low speed and low shaft seal leakage requirements, and its maximum pressure can generally reach 30MPa; And maintenance and use is convenient, but the speed is limited
by the type of filler and the line speed.
At P≤ 6.
4MPa, and the speed ≤ 100pm, a single-layer packing box structure without oil lubrication can be used; in P> 6.
4MPa, and the speed is > 100rpm, it is necessary to consider setting a high-pressure oil pump to strengthen lubrication, and use a multi-stage (two-stage) packing structure to ensure that each stage is not less than 7 layers of packing letter
.
At the same time, it is also necessary to consider chromium plating the seal of the stirring shaft to increase the wear resistance of the shaft, or set the casing to protect the mixing shaft from wear, and then replace the casing
.
2.
2 Mechanical seal can be used under the conditions
of high speed and shaft seal leakage requirements.
Its use pressure is not high, generally used for 6.
3MPa or less occasions, its maintenance is inconvenient, the price is also higher
.
2.
3 Magnetic transmission seals are generally used under very high requirements
for shaft seal leakage.
It turns the dynamic seal into a static seal to achieve zero leakage
.
However, it is not suitable for high temperature conditions, its high cost and inconvenient
maintenance.