STM: The intrinsic mechanism of immune rejection of stem cell transplantation

November 19, 2020 // -- In the treatment of leukemia, stem cell transplants after chemotherapy and radiotherapy often cause severe adverse inflammatory reactions, especially in the skin or intestines, as these so-called "barrier" organs are more susceptible.
so far, the cause is unclear.
team, led by Georg Stary and Johanna Strobl of MedUni's Vienna Dermatology Department, has now identified an immune mechanism.
results are now published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
leukemia is a malignant disease used to describe the cancer of the hematocyte system, in which white blood cell prelogues proliferate uncontrolled.
treatments for leukemia, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used to destroy abnormal cells and then replace them with normal stem cell transplants.
in leukemia, transplants of healthy bone marrow stem cells or hematopoietic stem cells are often the only hope for recovery.
(Photo source: www.pixabay.com) But MedUni dermatologists in Vienna have now found the presence of so-called skin-resident T-cells and inactive T-cells in the endologious immune system, which remain intact under the protection of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and survive between and below the endoskin cells for a decade, while T cells in the circulatory system are destroyed.
"We were able to prove that T cells that survive in skin tissue are the cause of inflammatory reactions after stem cell transplantation."
these phenomena usually occur within the first 100 days and can lead to ranging from mild eczema to extensive fibrosis, as well as hardening.
other words, endogenetic T cells attack the recipient (host) after stem cell transplantation.
" in some cases, the supply T cells are further "supported" and thus exacerbate the reaction.
treatment with cocoa pine creates an additional burden on patients who already have immunosuppression after transplantation.
the study found that in patients without transplant anti-host disease, residual tissue resides in T cells after treatment and has even been shown to be beneficial to the recipient because they assume their role in immune defense and infection prevention.
the future, the findings could lead to new treatment strategies that can help avoid or at least minimize adverse and severe inflammatory reactions after stem cell transplantation by pre-manipulating the receptor's inactive T cells.
addition, targeted regulation of tissue-resident T cells may help develop new treatments for other chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis or neuro dermatitis.
() Source: Undesirable design mechanism in stem cellation Source: Johanna Strobl et al. Long-term skin-resident memory T cells proliferate in situ and are involved in human graft-versus-host disease, Science Translational Medicine (2020). DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb7028