Some understandings on strengthening the operation of grain Marketization

Introduction: in recent years, after the opening up of grain management, there has been a mainstream of development of diversified business modes and market-oriented purchase and sale operation, which is inevitable for the development of China's market economy Market economy will bring opportunities and challenges to the grain industry Therefore, if we want to actively deal with any risks at home and abroad, we must, in accordance with the requirements of the report of the 16th National Congress, pay attention to protecting and improving the comprehensive production capacity of grain, accelerate the development of grain market and ensure food security This matter is related to the national economy and people's livelihood, the realization of the macro goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and it is also a matter of great concern to the whole society The author of the new situation in the new situation of food work, the requirements of new problems, talk about a few understanding First, problem research: under the situation of developing socialist market economy, the particularity of grain is fully manifested in the attributes of general commodities, but its particularity has not changed, because it is determined by the following attributes of grain (1) strategic food, the material basis of food, is the most basic means of life for human survival and the important material basis for the existence and development of all societies Grain plays an extremely important role in ensuring people's living and working in peace and contentment, preparing the country for war and preparing for famine, and national economic development, which determines that it becomes the basis of social and political stability He who has grain in his hand does not panic If a country's food supply is not stable, people will feel uneasy and bring bad consequences to the whole society and life order China's national condition is that it has a large population and a small amount of arable land It needs 7% of the world's arable land to support 22% of the world's population The burden of solving the problem of eating is several times as heavy as that of other countries in the world Therefore, to ensure the coordinated development and growth of grain and other economic crops in the new situation is the need to ensure the implementation of the strategic policy of reform, development and stability of the Party Central Committee, and is a major strategic task to achieve long-term stability and stability of the country (2) the limited grain production of grain production is different from that of other commodity production, with a long production cycle and great constraints of natural climate conditions Every year, some areas are more or less affected by floods, droughts, locusts and other disasters Once serious disasters are caused, the grain production will slide and it will take several years to recover For a country with a large population, less arable land, backward rural productivity and low per capita food, although the problem of food consumption has been solved, the total effective supply of food is limited Therefore, China's food production cannot be relaxed at all (3) the demand for food is persistent Food consumption is universal It is not only a means of living, but also a means of production There is no other commodity to replace it China's grain demand has been growing steadily and rigidly because of the continuous growth of the population, the rising demand for meat and egg food, the growing demand for food and drink by urban residents and wealthy farmers, the expanding scale of the transfer of rural surplus labor force to the city, the rapid development of grain based industry, and the growing total demand for grain However, due to various reasons, the cultivated land area is decreasing year by year, the comparative benefit of grain planting is low, and farmers' enthusiasm for grain planting is decreasing At present, the limited investment has made the grain growth far from meeting the rigid growth of grain demand, and the grain supply and demand are always in a state of tension and balance (4) timeliness of grain storage and transportation the grain sold by Chinese farmers is only a primary product and must be dried, dried, rained and processed Grain is purchased seasonally, supplied all year round, and needs to be stored on a certain scale, so as to make up the deficiency and adjust the surplus Grain transportation volume is large, links are many and sudden Grain storage not only takes up a lot of funds and facilities, but also needs a professional and technical staff Because of the particularity of grain storage, it is not enough to rely solely on the enterprise and market behavior in order to make grain purchase, sale, adjustment, storage and processing operate in an orderly way, but also to have the government's "help" and "help" (5) the independency of grain import China is a large country with a population of 1.3 billion In the next 15 years, there will be an increase of about 300 million people It is neither realistic nor possible to rely on foreign countries to solve the problem of food consumption First, there is limited food supply in the international market Our country needs 500 million kg if we eat 0.4 kg per person per day If we are really short of food for one month, no country can solve it at once At that time, money will not work, and this may not be absolutely nonexistent For this reason, the state has always advocated "agriculture based" And food is the foundation, food is the basic premise and condition of people's life, the root of food is the fundamental interests of hundreds of millions of people As the saying goes, "food is the God of the people." In the new century, we need to solve and improve the "eating" problem of the people as soon as possible, which benefits the most realistic, concerned and direct interests of the people Second, it is politically dangerous In recent years, some scholars in western countries foresee that China's grain is in danger of collapse, and say that it poses a threat to the world, which also requires our constant vigilance If we answer the people's statement, the international hostile forces will use grain as a weapon to control our country and deliberately monopolize the source of grain At that time, we have to bargain and give in to people So we can't take it lightly Since the reform and opening up, foreign grain markets are close to China At present, the grain balance in some regions is adjusted by import channels Through the circulation of the international market, we benefit from complementary advantages However, it is not reliable to adjust the balance of market supply and demand only by importing grain We must take self-reliance and self-sufficiency as the basis, effectively guarantee the stable growth of grain, and plan the coordinated development of grain and economic society as a whole Only in this way can we enhance our ability to resist natural disasters and various risks, compete with international competition and seek greater development 2 Analysis of the current situation: Huzhou was once one of the major grain producing areas of the state Since the implementation of the joint production contract responsibility system in rural areas, the grain output has increased year by year In the previous years, the maximum annual output exceeded 1.5 million tons However, in the past two years, the output has declined to 808300 tons last year According to statistics, the city needs about 1.15 million tons of grain annually, so there is a gap of about 340000 tons At present, there are 52 grain enterprises in the city, with an annual output value of 1.71 billion yuan, an annual processing capacity of 350000 tons, and an actual processing capacity of about 200000 tons in recent years In recent years, according to the requirements of the provincial and municipal grain reform work, the task of enterprise transformation has been basically completed, and the grain reform work has achieved phased results For a long time, provincial and municipal leaders have attached great importance to the position and role of grain in the economic and social development With the adjustment of agricultural structure and the promotion of market-oriented reform of grain purchase and sale, our city has gradually changed from the original main production area of grain and oil to the sales area The industry of the grain sector has changed from the original purchase, sale, adjustment, storage and addition of grain and oil to the focus of ensuring food security This year, according to the provincial requirements, Huzhou food security plan has been formulated, and the grain reserve scale issued by the province has been in place The grain purchase and sale system and the safe operation system are gradually being established, and the emergency supply network has been determined and implemented Of course, in the adjustment of grain management strategy and the development trend of vigorously developing diversified business areas, farmers are also facing the grim situation of low enthusiasm for grain production and the decrease of cultivated land year by year Some disadvantages and hindrances affecting food security continue to increase: first, local water quality is heavily polluted by factory sewage, which is a prominent bottleneck in the development of food Now, these pollution areas not only can not be effectively controlled and controlled, but also continue to increase the degree of pollution If the governance is not effective, the consequences are unimaginable Second, the investment quality of agricultural parks is not high, the scale and infrastructure investment are small, many of the food planning in the parks is not in place, and the development space of food is small Third, there are too many enclosures Land is the basic element of food production The development of agriculture and food production are inseparable from land For many farmers, without land, they lose their livelihood In recent years, all kinds of non-agricultural land occupation have reduced the number of good farmland, which has become a hidden danger affecting food security Although the current market surplus of grain is the performance of supply and demand under the low dietary level dominated by grain, with the improvement of the nutritional standard of urban and rural living standards, the gap between supply and demand of grain will become increasingly apparent At present, the rural development is not balanced, and the income gap between farmers is widening The current population of our city is 2.56 million, including 1.83 million in rural areas The per capita agricultural resources are low, the scale of farmers' operation is small, the degree of organization is not high, the material and technological basis and scientific and cultural quality of farmers are relatively weak, and the income of some rural farmers is still low Actively promoting the development of food is also an important measure to solve the living problems of those difficult areas and vulnerable groups Only by making the vast majority of farmers become rich together can we realize the grand goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way as soon as possible 3 Countermeasure research: the competitiveness of grain market should be fully liberalized We must do a good job in the connection of grain production and marketing areas by means of market economy to realize the marketization of grain circulation The closer the connection between production and marketing, the more active the grain circulation, the stronger the market competitiveness, and the more reliable the grain supply At present, the most important task is to invigorate the circulation of grain and oil and establish an effective market regulation mechanism under the macro-control of the government In guiding ideology, first, we should protect the interests of farmers; second, we should ensure food security; third, we should reduce the financial burden In order to strengthen the operation of grain marketization, we must realize three changes First, we need to effectively change the grain management mechanism from the original planned economy to the market economy At present, it is urgent for grain enterprises to change the traditional old mechanism into a new one to adapt to the characteristics of the market economy, that is, to establish a safe operation mechanism and management system conducive to the sustainable development of grain, to create an equal competition environment, and to enhance the determination and confidence to participate in the competition First, we should not only consider the reality of the shortage of grain in our city, consider the reliable source of grain for foreign aid and market potential, and make the best use of the superior natural conditions of our city to further develop regional characteristic industries and take a new development path of diversified operation Second, we need to further improve the organizational level of the existing grain market From the perspective of the established grain market in our city, there is a certain scale On the one hand, market management and operators are gradually adapting to the requirements of market economy development and WTO accession, but on the other hand, both the degree of organization and the ability of regulation and control need to be improved We must help and support them to expand the level of cooperation, organize joint ventures, trade exchanges, provide information, etc., in order to improve the competitiveness of the market Second, we need to effectively change the mode of grain growth from the original single mode to a diversified mode focusing on improving economic efficiency The transition of food work in our city has begun, which brings more economic benefits to farmers' farming, but it will also bring damage if it is not done well In recent years, on the one hand, new economic growth points, such as the rural stock economy and the private economy, have sprung up rapidly