Six countermeasures to speed up the production of raw milk in China

Introduction: Chen Yu, director of the China Dairy Association and director of the China elite Economic Research Institute, recently interviewed six reporters to give six suggestions on accelerating the production of raw milk in China in the next 15 years First, speed up the breeding and promotion of improved cows The breeding cycle of dairy cattle is long and the effect of crossbreeding is slow It can't meet the requirement of production only by traditional artificial insemination technology At present, there are only about 2 million pure Holstein cows in China In recent years, many places want to develop cows but can't afford or buy good cows, which seriously restricts the development of China's dairy industry Therefore, we must change our thinking and make full use of modern science and technology to accelerate the reproduction, breeding and promotion of good cows At the same time of extending the advanced artificial insemination technology to crossbreed cattle, we should carry out large-scale embryo transfer, expand the genetic potential of excellent cows, and rapidly increase the number of cows We can use the human resources and embryo resources at home and abroad to establish several large-scale embryo transfer centers Second, improve the organization of dairy production Under the planned economy system, the production and processing of raw milk belong to different departments, which often affect the enthusiasm of dairy farmers and the quality of raw milk Foreign experience and domestic practice have fully proved that the establishment of dairy production cooperatives and the close combination of the interests of dairy processors and raw milk producers are effective models for the development of dairy industry In recent years, domestic dairy enterprises such as Wandashan, Sanlu and Yili Group have opened up the organization and operation mode of "company + market + base + farmer", as well as the organization and operation mode of "dairy farmers' technical association or dairy farmers' cooperative + farmer" which is being tried in many places, which has injected new vitality into the production of raw milk in China We should sum up these new organizational management modes and study and solve the newly found problems as soon as possible, such as how to make the interest relationship between dairy farmers and leading enterprises closer, so that they have a long-term and stable interest relationship, rather than just stay in an occasional and simple "trading" relationship Third, improve the level of feeding and management of dairy cattle The unreasonable feed structure of dairy cattle in China restricts the growth of raw milk and the improvement of quality to a great extent The main reasons for the unreasonable feed structure are: many places lack the supply of high-quality forage and feed, the cost of purchasing high-quality forage and feed is too high, and it can not be used in the actual production In order to provide high quality forage for the development of dairy cows, it is necessary to speed up the adjustment of the ternary structure of grain, economy and forage planting industry, plant silage corn and fine forage grass in large area, and vigorously promote silage technology At the same time, we should study the most suitable feed crop system, harvest time and processing technology in different areas of China, and promote silage, non protein nitrogen and various effective feed additives for ruminants Vigorously promote the milk recording system Milk record system is an important part of dairy improvement, and also an important part of farm management The daily output of each lactating cow in the herd is measured on a regular basis every month, and the data of fat, protein and somatic cell number in the milk are measured by the milk composition tester and somatic cell counter after the milk samples collected in proportion for each tide are mixed, which are provided to the cattle farm in time In formulating the feeding management measures, adjusting the diet formula of the cow, breeding the herd, and measuring the offspring of the bull, First hand information on mastitis prevention and treatment The competent government departments, industry associations and milk farmers cooperation organizations should work together to publicize and promote this method The research on cow nutrition in China is relatively weak Britain, the United States, France and Germany began to implement a new cow protein feeding system in the late 1970s, but China's published in 2000 reflected the nutritional needs of cows It has been proposed in the United States since the 1960s that the concept of acid washing fiber and neutral washing fiber should be used instead of crude fiber in feed analysis and nutrition calculation of dairy cows, which is more in line with the physiological characteristics of dairy cows and is conducive to high yield and high quality This method has been widely used in foreign countries, but it has not been used in China so far In order to improve the dry matter intake of dairy cows, the technology of free intake of full mixed diet has been widely used in foreign countries, while most of the dairy cows in China still use the old technology Therefore, more efforts should be made to improve the level of cow feeding and management in China, which is of great benefit to improve the level of per unit yield of dairy cows and the quality of raw milk and dairy products 4 Formulate standards and strictly manage them Take milk products for example, it is common to see high quality and low price Although the state has formulated the quality standards of milk products, due to the lack of expensive testing equipment and advanced testing methods, or lax law enforcement, many inferior raw milk and its products can be sold at the same price as the same kind of high-quality products, which not only damages the immediate interests of consumers, but also encourages the development of inferior products to some extent, and also limits the development of inferior products The development of high quality products In response to this problem, our country is not helpless, the key is whether we really want to solve the problem thoroughly For example, in 1996, the Shanghai Price Bureau issued the notice on adjusting the purchase price of milk in Shanghai under the joint planning of the municipal milk office and other departments, which not only increased the purchase price of high-quality fresh milk, but also created the first pricing method of raw milk price according to the quality that is in line with the international standards, and purchased the content of fat and protein in milk as raw milk Basis of price This policy has produced obvious positive effects, mainly reflected in: the phenomenon of adulteration and adulteration in the purchase of raw milk in Shanghai has been quickly controlled; to make the farmers or dairy farms realize that increasing the per unit yield is a good way to increase the income, and to improve the quality of raw milk to raise the purchase price and operating income is a smarter way; to significantly improve the output and quality of dairy cows It has laid a foundation for the average per unit yield of dairy cows in Shanghai to reach 8 tons By raising the milk fat rate and milk protein to raise the purchase price of raw milk, raw milk producers have a deep understanding of the necessity and importance of investing high price and high quality forage and feed This mutually promoting relationship has transformed the dairy industry in Shanghai from the quantitative growth to the quality growth, and has since entered the new development of dairy industry Stage 5 Give full play to the functions of governments at all levels Dairy production is a "heavy industry" in animal husbandry, which needs a large investment and a long cycle, so it needs the attention of the state and the whole society In particular, all levels of government departments play an extremely important role in supporting and guiding the production and development of raw milk in China, and have great achievements in many aspects For example, it can help producers to introduce excellent dairy varieties, provide market information, formulate production and management methods of local raw milk and quality standards of raw milk products, ensure a fair trading environment for dairy farmers, provide short funds for some potential dairy farms or farmers, and provide advanced raw milk and dairy product quality testing equipment for some processing enterprises Free or preferential loans, etc At present, all levels of government departments should first solve the problem of ideological understanding, especially those areas with huge resource advantages in developing raw milk production We can no longer regard the development of milk industry as a dispensable thing in government work We should realize that milk industry can not only develop into an important pillar industry in economy, but also stand in the corner of strategy It is recognized that the development of raw milk and dairy products plays an important role in enhancing the overall national constitution of the Chinese nation 6 Make strategic adjustments to the regional layout According to the regional distribution of milk processing and consumption in China, the production layout of raw milk in China should be strategically arranged again At present, first, the traditional production base in northern China should be developed into a base of good breed of dairy cattle to provide excellent cows to the whole country; second, the milk production base should be developed in the suburb of the city to make the milk production close to the consumption place and the processing plant The traditional pattern of dairy production in China has a strong color of natural economy and planned economy Although the North has good breeding conditions, it is far away from the consumption place and difficult to transport, which leads to the phenomenon that the proportion of milk powder processing in China's processing industry is too high The emergence of UHT milk, to a certain extent, solves the problem of fresh-keeping, but it is still unreasonable from the perspective of economy and nutrition If the dairy farm is built to the consumer land, the above problems can be effectively solved At the same time, the advantages of climate and forage resources determine that the north is an ideal region for dairy cattle breeding in China, which can be fully utilized to solve the problem of dairy cattle expansion, and finally form a new pattern of cattle breeding in the north and in the south In addition, raising cattle in the suburbs can also promote the transformation of the agricultural planting structure in the suburbs to the ternary planting structure of grain, economy and feed as soon as possible The authenticity of this information has not been confirmed by Alibaba It is 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