Simmental cattle localization in China

Introduction: new page 1 recently, the "China Simmental new breed breeding" presided over and completed by the Institute of animal husbandry, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences won the first prize of Beijing Science s6q technology According to s6q, Simmental cattle began to be introduced into China as early as the early 20th century, and then in the year of bucking, especially since the s6q generation in, Simmental cattle with both meat and milk were successively introduced from the former Soviet Union, Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and Simmental cattle with both meat and milk were introduced from France in 1978 In the 's, Simmental beef cattle were introduced from Canada and the United States In addition to pure breeding in some state farms, these cattle were mainly used to improve China's yellow cattle, and their hybrid improved offspring accounted for about 50% of all kinds of hybrid improved cattle in China According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 30000 Simmental cattle in China and more than 12 million improved cattle of each generation In pure breed breeding, there are 11 740 kg milk producing individuals with high yield The average milk yield is up to 4.0% and the average milk fat rate is up to 4.0% In crossbreeding, the average milk yield of Simmental improved cows is 2000-3000 kg, the highest individual milk yield is 6400 kg, and the milk fat rate is more than 42% After fattening, the daily weight gain of the first generation is 800-1000 g, the daily weight gain of the second generation is 1000-1200 g, and the slaughter rate is 60 Russian net meat rate is 60% The high-grade beef produced has entered the domestic and foreign hotels, and its quality is higher than that of New Zealand, close to the level of Australia and the United States, and its dairy products are quite popular In 1986, the Ministry of Agriculture issued the national regional plan for cattle breeds, which identified Simmental cattle as the main breed of yellow cattle in the improved agricultural area and semi-agricultural and semi pastoral area The improved hybrid progeny of this variety spread over 28 provinces and autonomous regions in China S6q "new breed breeding of Simmental cattle in China" was listed as a national key project in 1981 and was presided over by the Institute of animal husbandry, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences In order to strengthen the research work, China Simmental cattle breeding Committee was established After nearly 20 years of breeding, it became "Chinese Simmental cattle" in 2000 At the same time, the pure breeding and hybrid improvement system, feed processing system and livestock product processing and circulation system have been preliminarily established, a set of technologies such as milking, fattening and feed processing of Xiza improved cattle have been popularized, the feeding management specifications for high-yield Simmental cattle, the operation procedures for determining the progeny of breeding bulls and the registration rules for improved breeds have been formulated, and the national identification standards for Chinese Simmental cattle have also been formulated In the past 20 years, the Institute of animal husbandry of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has carried out the core group selection of pure cattle, the progeny determination of breeding bulls, and the registration of s6q improved varieties successively Large-scale crossbreeding has been carried out on the Yellow Cattle in China, and the early regions have entered the stage of self breeding and improvement, cross s6q fixed breeding of new lines, and continuous purification and expansion of pure varieties A breeding area of 400000 s6q was established in the semi-agricultural and semi pastoral areas at the two foothills of Taihang, and an improved area of million s6q was established in the agricultural areas of Northern Anhui, Eastern Henan and Northern Jiangsu, and a hybrid population of 500000 s6q was established in Songliao plain and Horqin grassland In these areas, a certain scale of hybrid cow milking, male calf fattening, s6q slaughtering, milk and meat processing, export earning system have been formed Combined with biotechnology such as embryo transfer, the selection purity of breeding bulls and the utilization intensity of breeding bulls have been improved, a high-quality breeding core group has been established, and a mountain group, plain group and grassland group of Simmental cattle in China have been formed The breeding core group provides the society with an average of 250 first-class bulls each year, which can be used for crossbreeding and improving 1 million yellow cattle This kind of cattle can be used for both meat and milk, which is more suitable for farming and semi farming areas Its popularization and application have achieved remarkable social and economic benefits and good ecological benefits It has made an important contribution for farmers and herdsmen in poor areas to get rid of poverty and become rich, and for the improvement of cattle breeds in China S6q S6q