Significant! Whether you will be infected with norovirus depends on your blood type!

February 18, 2020 news / Biovalley BIOON / -- in the past few months, due to the outbreak of norovirus, many schools have been closed Norovirus is known as "stomach cold" (stomach flu), which will cause mild diarrhea, low fever, etc., the most worrying is vomiting, which is the most effective way of virus transmission Norovirus is highly infectious and can spread rapidly among the limited population in places such as schools or cruises Although most patients will recover within 24-48 hours, norovirus infection is the main cause of children's diseases In developing countries, about 50000 children die from norovirus infection every year Photo source: pictures.doccheck.com interestingly, not everyone is susceptible to norovirus Whether an individual is ill or not may depend on the blood type of the body When the virus is ingested by the body, it will initially infect the cells located in the small intestine wall At present, researchers are not very clear why this infection can induce related disease manifestations, but the interesting point is that the blood type of the body largely determines whether a person will get sick The blood types of organism include a, B, AB and O, which are determined by gene lock, and these genes determine the special molecules presented by erythrocytes, i.e oligosaccharides Oligosaccharides are formed by connecting different Tang molecules in a complex way The same oligosaccharide molecules on red blood cells will also appear on the surface of small intestine cells Viruses such as norovirus will use these oligosaccharide molecules to seize and infect small intestine cells The specific structure of these oligosaccharide molecules determines whether a specific virus will absorb and invade the host cells The existence of a kind of oligosaccharide called H1 antigen is needed for the absorption of a variety of norovirus strains; the proportion of people in Europe who do not produce H1 antigen in intestinal cells accounts for 20%, and these people are resistant to a variety of norovirus strains A variety of sugars can be absorbed to H1 antigen to form a, B and AB blood, while a and B blood cannot be modified You have type O blood Photo source: fr.wikipedia.org norovirus spreads very fast At present, there are 29 virus strains that can infect human beings, each of which has different varieties, and each of which has different abilities to combine with the modified sugar molecules on the surface of intestinal cells, which are determined by the blood type of the body If a group of people are exposed to norovirus, whether an individual is sick or not will depend on the blood type of his body However, if the same group of people are exposed to different norovirus strains, different people will show sensitivity and tolerance to the virus strains Generally, people who are unable to produce H1 antigen or who have type B blood will show tolerance, while a, AB or O type will show tolerance People with blood may be more susceptible, but the pattern of infection may depend on a particular type of norovirus This difference in sensitivity can have very interesting results For example, when a disease breaks out on a cruise ship, about one-third of the people may escape infection because they do not know the mechanism and reason behind the body's tolerance to the virus The infection of norovirus will cause a strong immune response, which will completely eliminate the virus within a few days However, this response seems to be very short-lived Many studies have found that the duration of the immune protection against the same norovirus reinfection will not exceed 6 months In addition, it seems that the infection of one norovirus strain can resist the infection of another norovirus There is no effective protection, therefore, norovirus induced human infection usually occurs repeatedly Because of the diversity of norovirus and the instability of immune response, vaccine research has become extremely complicated At present, researchers are testing the effect of vaccines made from two common Norovirus capsid proteins Generally speaking, these experimental vaccines can produce a better immune response As for the duration of the immune response, researchers are currently studying In the next phase of clinical trials, researchers will test whether these vaccines can effectively inhibit or reduce the symptoms of norovirus infection Reference materials: [1] voicing as a symbol and transmission risk in norovirus illness: evidence from human challenge studies [2] norovirus worldwide [3] genetic sustainability to human norovirus infection: an update [4] norovirus back in Canyon? 【5】 Fondness for sugars of enteric viruses confronts them with human glycans genetic diversity 【6】 Human noroviruses： recent advances in a 50-year history 【7】 Norovirus immunology： Of mice and mechanisms 【8】 Vaxart’s Tableted Oral Bivalent Norovirus Vaccine Meets Primary and Secondary Endpoints in Phase 1b Study 【9】 Long-Term Immunogenicity of the Norovirus GI.1/GII.4 Bivalent Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccine (NoV Vaccine) in Adults 【10】 Your blood type may influence your vulnerability to norovirus， the winter vomiting virus by Patricia L Foster， The Conversation