Several important studies reveal the new progress of human fertility research!

In this paper, I have compiled many important research results, and jointly interpreted the new progress of scientists in the study of human fertility, and shared them with you! Photo source: blacklistednews.com [1] nature sub Journal: the risk of elderly childbearing cannot be ignored, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the offspring of pregnant women and men is increased! Doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53199-x in a study of rats, researchers from the University of Cambridge in the UK, the University of Alberta in Canada and the University of Adelaide in Australia found that changes in the placentas of older females led to their male offspring being more likely to develop heart disease in later life The results were recently published in the Journal of scientific reports In the older female rats, the growth of male fetus is not as big as that of female fetus, because there are gender differences in placental development and function These gender differences may play an important role in the future life of male offspring in the possibility of heart disease and hypertension In humans, women over the age of 35 are considered old mothers The study looked at pregnant rats of comparable age In older females, the placenta shows beneficial changes in structure and function for the female fetus, thus supporting the growth of the female fetus to the maximum extent In some cases, their placenta is even more supportive of female fetal growth than that of a young female However, for male fetuses, placental changes in older females limit fetal growth 【2】 Alert! Smoking electronic cigarettes may damage the fertility of young women! News reading: vaping may harm fertility in young women according to a mouse study published in the Journal of the endocrine society, the use of electronic cigarettes may affect fertility and pregnancy results Many young people and pregnant women are using e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to smoking, but little is known about their impact on fertility and pregnancy outcomes E-cigarettes are increasing the use of tobacco products by young people According to the Centers for Disease Control and prevention, the number of middle school students using e-cigarettes increased from 2.1 million in 2017 to 3.6 million in 2018, a difference of about 1.5 million from the number of young people We found that the use of electronic cigarettes before pregnancy significantly delayed the implantation of fertilized eggs into the womb, thereby delaying and reducing fertility, the researchers said We also found that the use of electronic cigarettes during pregnancy can change the long-term health and metabolism of female offspring, thus having a lifelong secondary impact on the developing fetus 【3】 Alert! Air pollution will affect women's fertility! News reading: air pollution found to affect market of female fertility in real life study a large-scale study found that serious air pollution has a negative impact on ovarian reserve Ovarian reserve is a widely used term to reflect the number of resting follicles in the ovary, so it is a sign of women's potential fertility The ovarian reserve and exposure to environmental pollutants (orexpo) study is a real-world study that analyzes hormone test data from more than 1300 Italian women Italian researcher Antonio La Marca released the results of the study at the recent annual meeting of the European Society of human reproduction and embryology Behind this research, there is more and more evidence that many environmental chemicals, as well as natural and artificial ingredients in daily diet, may interfere with the physiological function of hormones, their biosynthesis, signaling or metabolism AMH is secreted by ovarian cells and is widely considered as a reliable marker of ovarian reserve The influence of age and smoking on AMH serum level has been widely accepted, but so far there is no clear study on the impact of environmental factors 【4】 Devel cell: a major breakthrough in male infertility research! The epigenome or key cause of sperm defect doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.024 In the past 10 years, researchers have found that male infertility is related to the inability of defective sperm to "expel" histone from DNA during development However, the underlying mechanism and the occurrence of histone in sperm DNA are unknown I don't know Recently, in a research report published in the international journal developmental cell, scientists from the University of Pennsylvania, through research, use a new genome-wide DNA sequencing tool to clarify the precise genetic unknown of these stranded histones, and also found the key genes regulating these histones In this paper, the researchers use the mouse model of GCN5 gene mutation to study, which can help them closely track the sperm defects from the early stage of sperm development to the stage of fertilization This step is very important, because it can help researchers to understand the mechanism of male infertility, and also clarify that epigenetic mutations are How to transfer from male germ cells to embryos Epigenetic factor is a special factor that can not be encoded in DNA It can affect the genetic characteristics of organism and play a key role in the formation of sperm and egg Dr Berger said that for men with unexplained infertility, everything is normal in the eyes of doctors, including sperm count, movement, etc., but they do have fertility problems One explanation for this problem is the unknown error of histone, which will affect sperm and its early development Now researchers have developed a new model to use this model , researchers can clearly observe what happens if histones in sperm are not properly removed, and how they affect embryos 【5】 Cell: scientists in China have revealed the aging mechanism of primates' ovaries, which is expected to develop a method for the treatment of female infertility doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.009 because of the modern tendency to delay childbearing, more and more women are facing the problem of infertility Infertility can result from age-related ovarian decline, but the molecular mechanism of this decline is unclear Now, in a new study, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University, Capital Medical University, China's national geriatric center and the U.S shack Institute of biology show in unprecedented detail how the ovaries of non-human primates age These findings explain several genes that can be used as biomarkers, and point out the therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility and age-related ovarian diseases (ovarian cancer) The relevant research results are published in the journal Cell This is the first time in a non-human primate model to conduct in-depth analysis of ovarian aging at a single cell resolution We found that oxidative stress is the key factor of ovarian aging This finding provides valuable insights into the mechanism by which the ovaries age and eventually become infertile; the ovaries are complex reproductive organs in which the oocytes turn into eggs through meiosis The current research suggests that women will have a certain number of oocytes when they are born Once they are 35 years old, the function of these oocytes will begin to weaken, which will lead to infertility A better understanding of the ovarian environment and healthy aging mechanism can provide a new treatment for women with infertility problems Photo source: KEI Ichiro Ishiguro [6] devel cell: identify the key gene involved in the pathogenesis of human infertility doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.010 Most of the cells in the organism are proliferated by the way of somatic cell division (mitosis), which is a continuous cycle in which a single cell doubles its genetic information (chromosome), and equally splits to produce two copies of the original cell, on the contrary, the germ cell divides by a way called meiosis, This kind of division usually occurs in the gonad At the beginning of meiosis, it is the same as normal mitosis, but it will change after a period of time It will produce four germ cells with different genes, i.e half of the original cells are inherited For a long time, scientists have been studying the molecular mechanism of inducing this transformation, and controlling this transformation is also the most challenging problem in the field of reproductive medicine Recently, a report was published in the international journal developmental In the Research Report on cell, scientists from Kumamoto University and other institutions in Japan analyzed the special proteins involved in meiosis through research Using mass spectrometry, researchers identified a key gene, which may play a switch role in meiosis, and can mark meiosis (meiosin); meiosin gene has a very rare feature, It aims to activate the gonad at a specific time before meiosis begins 【7】 PLoS One: the impact of chemotherapy on male fertility doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226262 recently, a research report published in the international journal PLoS One, scientists from the National Institute of Science in Laval revealed the impact of chemotherapy on male fertility before and after puberty It is generally believed that pre puberty boys will not affect their fertility after cancer treatment because their testicles will "sleep", but in fact, pre puberty testicles still cannot resist the negative effects of cancer chemotherapy The originality of this study is that we found that the negative effects of chemotherapy do not seem to depend on age The risk of infertility is high in all patients due to the lack of viable sperm Large scale epidemiological studies have shown that chemotherapy can affect male fertility for a long time, but little is known about the effect of age and treatment type on sperm quality or production 【8】 Cell: a new target for infertility treatment! It is revealed that the mechanism of eficab 9 guiding sperm into the egg doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.047 when sperm detect environmental changes through a series of calcium channels on their tails, they start to rush towards the egg In a new study, researchers from Yale University and other research institutions in the United States identified a key molecule that coordinates the opening and closing of these calcium channels to activate sperm and help guide them into the egg When the gene encoding this molecule was removed by gene editing, the male mice impregnated fewer females, and the pregnant females produced fewer offspring They reported that the genetically edited male mice had lower sperm motility and fertilized fewer eggs in the laboratory The researchers, who recently published their findings online in the journal Cell, said the calcium channel complex, known as CatSper, is lining the sperm tail It is evolutionarily conservative in many species and consists of multiple subunits, but "we don't know what role each subunit plays." Previous studies have failed to determine the exact mechanism of CatSper, which allows