Several important achievements focus on recent advances in hepatitis C research!

October 5, 2020 at 17:30 P.M. Beijing time, the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was announced, from Harvey J. Alter of the National Institutes of Health, Michael Houghton of the University of Alberta in Canada and Charles M. Rice of Rockefeller University in the United States for the discovery of the hepatitis C virus.
so in recent years scientists in the field of hepatitis C research have made what important research results, this article on the relevant research results to organize, share with you! Photo Credit: North Carolina Health News, JAMA: 30% reduction in liver cancer risk! The benefits of the widespread use of direct anti-HCV drugs are shown to be doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10121 Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, the main type of liver cancer).
a recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), observational results from large populations suggest that eradicating HCV infection is associated with a significantly reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
about 3 years after the widespread use of direct antiviral therapy, the incidence of hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma decreased by nearly 30%, while the incidence of non-hepatitis C-related liver cancer increased during the same period.
In the United States, more than 90 percent of liver cancer cases develop from cirrhosis, which is usually the end-stage form of chronic liver disease such as hepatitis C, hepatitis B, alcohol-related liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA), a large integrated health care system, most patients receive adequate anti-HCV treatment, and about 85 percent have been cured.
, using a sample of patient populations in the VHA database, the researchers were able to assess the benefits of adequate treatment by analyzing trends in liver cancer incidence between 2002 and 2018 and comparing treatment with hepatitis C.
( 2) JAMA: A new direct-acting antiviral therapy may be effective in removing hepatitis C virus infection doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20788, a study published in the international journal JAMA, scientists from the Oregon Health and Science University and other institutions found that the new direct-acting antiviral therapy may be effective in eliminating hepatitis C virus infection.
U.S. Preventive Health Task Force has proposed a comprehensive screening of hepatitis C, and researchers suggest that so far, people born between 1945 and 1965 with risk factors such as injecting drugs should be fully screened for hepatitis C infection.
The evidence from the
study suggests that this new direct-acting antiviral therapy is effective in targeting HCV with fewer side effects;
: FASEB J: Discovering the mechanism by which HCV hijacks the body's immune system doi:10.1096/fj.201800629RR in a new study, from Dublin St., Ireland Researchers at Tsany College have found how the highly contagious and sometimes deadly hepatitis C virus (HCV), also known as HCV, "hijacks" our immune system and is undiagnosed in many infected people, according to research published recently in the journal FASEB Journal.
main route of transmission of HCV is through infected blood, but over the past 40 years, many patients around the world have accidentally contracted the virus through infected blood products.
the virus replicates particularly well in the liver, and the liver damage it causes makes it a major cause of liver disease worldwide.
HCV infection can be fatal, the initial infection is rarely accompanied by any obvious clinical symptoms, the cause of which is still unknown.
, the first 6-12 months after infection are usually undiagnosed.
if untreated, HCV spreads throughout the liver, stimulating low levels of inflammatory response.
months later, these mild reactions --- accompanied by subsequent liver repair--- which led to the formation of liver fibrosis scarring.
the liver's main job is to filter out toxic substances from the body, but during HCV infection, the build-up of fibrosis's inseminative liver tissue leads to decreased liver function.
: Scientists have made significant progress in the study of animal models of HCV infection! Doi:10.7554/eLife.44436 In a recent study published in the international journal eLife, scientists from Princeton University said small differences in liver cell proteins in mice and human bodies may have a significant effect on the replication of HCV, which may have helped develop models of mice infected with HCV.
Today, more than 70 million people worldwide are chronically infected with HCV, which often puts infected people at risk of liver cancer and cirrhosis, and there is currently no effective vaccine to prevent HCV infection, in large part because HCV only infects humans and chimpanzees in natural conditions; Researcher Jenna Gaska said: 'We want to better understand what is needed to replicate HCV in animal bodies in addition to humans, and in this study we developed an improved animal model that can help study the mechanisms of infection and help develop new vaccines against HCV infection.'
If mice can be genetically modified to produce human proteins that promote the virus to enter liver cells, they can be infected with HCV, but once it enters liver cells, HCV cannot replicate unless their genomes are altered or the immune system function of the mouse body is suppressed; Tolerance depends on a protein called cyclophilin A, which is essential for the replication of HCV in host liver cells in the human body, and the researchers found that the protein version in mouse bodies did not appear to be as effective in promoting viral replication as in the human version.
.5 ScienceDaily: New Findings Offer New Ideas for Improving HIV and Hepatitis C Vaccines doi:10.10. 1126/sciimmunol.aan8664 Researchers in California recently discovered how CD4 cytototoxic T cells develop, which could open the door to improved hiv and hepatitis C vaccine design, the study was published online in the journal ImmunoSciencelogy.
scientists around the world have been trying to develop effective vaccines against HIV and hepatitis C for more than a decade, but to no good effect.
, the only way to control these chronic viruses is to use drugs.
In the latest study, researchers at the American Institute of Allergy and Immunology (LJI) in La Hoya used single-cell transcription group analysis to identify pregeners of the so-far unknown deadly T-cell subgroup, which is found mainly in people with chronic viral infections.
they analyzed transcriptional genomes in more than 9,000 individual cells and revealed unprecedented levels of heterogeneity.
, evolving genomic tools and single-cell analysis techniques are revolutioning our understanding of the health and disease of the human immune system, the researchers said.
but this is only the beginning of a genome journey, and by applying these tools to related diseases and cell types, we are changing our understanding of human immunocellular biology.
picture source: Imperial College London Science: A major breakthrough! Models of mice with acute and chronic HCV infection were constructed, paving the way for the development of a hepatitis C vaccine doi:10.1126/science.aal1962 As the saying goes, a point of prevention is better than a very good treatment.
this may be even more true in the case of hepatitis C caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
nearly 71 million people worldwide with hepatitis C, a disease that, if left untreated, can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.
is that the disease shows no external signs and more than 80 percent of patients are undiagnosed.
, although an effective cure does exist, what is needed most is a vaccine that stops infection in the first place.
Charlie Rice, a professor of virology at Rockefeller University in the United States, has been working on the vaccine for decades; in fact, a previous study led to the development of a cure for HCV infection, which first appeared in 2015.
his research and the field were hampered by a lack of animal models that could be used to study the interaction between HCV and the immune system.
, Rice and his colleagues have found a way to simulate the disease in rodents.
In a new study, they describe how they found a virus closely related to HCV, which infects rats and mice, and found that the new animal model reproduces many of the characteristics of human hepatitis C, a breakthrough that should speed up research on the HCV vaccine, the study published in the journal Science.
7: In-depth understanding of how the new hepatitis C drug can completely treat liver cancer? News Read: How new hepatitis C drugs can tackle liver cancer, the widespread use of new hepatitis C drugs may not only lead to a decrease in cases of blood-based diseases, but also reduce the incidence of related liver cancer, but these so-called direct-acting antiviral drugs are not widely used in Australia and overseas countries, so we (the author) need to look at whether the increase in the use of this drug and the decline in new cases of liver cancer directly related, of course, this is a focus of the researchers.
, primary liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer among men and the ninth most common cancer among women, with 746,000 deaths worldwide in 2012.
on average, patients can survive liver cancer for only one year once they are diagnosed, in part because the cancer has progressed into a malignant phase when the patient is diagnosed with liver cancer, and available therapies do not effectively prolong the patient's life.
about 1500 people are diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, one of the most common primary liver cancers, in Australia each year, and the number of deaths each year is similar, with the number of liver cancer deaths doubling in the past 20 years.
PNAS: Why is it so difficult to develop an effective hepatitis C vaccine? Scientists have been working for decades to develop a vaccine against the hepatitis C virus.
scientists from TSRI recently discovered one reason why vaccines have not yet been successfully developed.
scientists used a complex set of techniques to map the tiny molecular structure of a key viral protein in the lab, and many candidate HCV vaccines were developed with the help of this viral protein in the hope of inducing the body to produce antibody responses against the virus.
researchers found that the protein has unexpected flexibility as part of the vaccine's main target, creating a variety of shapes for the immune system, leading to the formation of many different antibodies, most of which are unable to block viral infections.
that because of this flexibility, the use of this protein to prepare vaccines may not be the best way.
the findings were published in the international academic journal PNAS.
. Gut: New treatment for hepatitis C doi:10.1136/gut.2005.076646 A preliminary study found that all patients with acute hepatitis C were not detected after six weeks of short-term direct antiviral therapy after 12 weeks.
researchers have shown that two drugs, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir, are sufficient to treat patients with acute hepatitis C virus in six weeks.
with hepatitis C virus usually develop acute hepatitis C, and infected people can remove 10 to 50 percent of the virus by themselves.
diagnosis of HCV infection is rare, and the disease can often go unnoticed until the patient has developed some serious liver damage.
Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir are a possible treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C.
continued virological response (SVR) of more than 95% over a 12-week period.
<!--ewebeditor:page title"--the > researchers say that given the high cost and associated side effects of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir drugs during treatment, it may be an effective option for patients with acute hepatitis C to begin evaluating whether to shorten treatment time.
results show that the combined treatment of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir is safe, with severe liver disease, and that patients with acute hepatitis C gene type 1 with high liver enzymes have good tolerance and effectiveness, and that shorter treatment times do not seem to interfere with drug efficacy.
: NEJM: Antiviral drug combination therapy may be effective in treating hepatitis C in the advanced stages of liver disease.