Several articles interpret the recent progress of influenza research!

Seasonal influenza viruses cause up to 650000 deaths and 3-5 million severe infections worldwide every year Unconsciously, when winter comes, the flu also comes So how about the recent research progress of scientists on influenza? In this paper, the editor will sort out the relevant research results and share them with you! Photo source: [1] SCI Immunol: ketogenic diet helps fight influenza doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav2026 recently, ketogenic diet (high fat, low-carbon water diet) is very popular among the general public, but at the same time, it makes the existence of influenza virus "intimidate" A new study published by Yale University in the journal Science immunology shows that mice fed a ketogenic diet are more resistant to influenza than those fed a carbohydrate rich diet Ketogenic diets - including meat, fish, poultry and non starch vegetables - activate T-cell subsets in the lungs, thereby increasing the production of mucus in respiratory cells, a mechanism that researchers report can effectively capture viruses 【2】 Science subjournal: compound eidd-2801 has a wide range of anti influenza virus activities doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5866 influenza virus can cause serious disease and death, they constitute a major global health threat and economic burden Although vaccines are being developed, their efficacy is mild, especially in the elderly At present, the treatment based on neuraminidase inhibitors is only partially effective and resistant In a new study, researchers from Georgia State University, Emory University, Washington University and the German Federal Institute of vaccine and biomedical research have constructed N4 hydroxycytidine (NHC), a ribonucleoside analogue, in order to address the unmet need to improve influenza treatment, Eidd-1931) showed a wide range of anti influenza virus activity in cell culture and mice, and influenza virus did not produce resistance to this precursor drug The relevant research results were recently published in the journal 【3】 Lancet affect dis: scientists have made a major breakthrough in the research and development of universal influenza vaccine! Doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099 (19) 30393-7 influenza virus infection will cause many deaths worldwide every year, which makes people shudder Influenza vaccine has a certain protective effect only when the strains transmitted in the population are completely matched Recently, an international journal, Lancet infection In the Research Report on diseases, scientists from Sinai Mountain hospital and other institutions developed a new method (using chimeric hemagglutinin (CHA)) to promote the development of universal influenza vaccine Haemagglutinin is a special protein on the surface of influenza virus, which can guide the virus into the host cell Haemagglutinin is composed of head (variable) and stem (little change between different strains) In this paper, researchers have developed a new vaccine that can resist the stem area of haemagglutinin of influenza virus through research and development At the same time, they have also analyzed several strategies of Cha vaccine Check whether it can induce the production of special antibodies, so as to help the body resist the infection of influenza virus 【4】 In a new study, Russian researchers found a new method to help to obtain water-soluble fullerene derivatives Derivative), the fullerene derivatives obtained are effectively resistant to influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) The relevant research was published in the Journal of Organic & Biological Chemistry For thousands of years, viruses have been influencing social progress They often lead to large-scale epidemics that wipe out the city as a whole Viruses attack all living things on earth, from higher vertebrates to simple single cell life forms, bacteria and even other viruses At present, more than 90% of human infectious diseases are caused by viruses The HIV virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most dangerous According to the statistics of the World Health Organization (who), the number of people living with HIV in Russia has exceeded 1 million (about 1% of the population), and is soaring, which makes the HIV epidemic a terrible threat to the country 【5】 Msphere: how can hand cleaning prevent influenza? Doi: 10.1128/msphere.00474-19 influenza virus can grow in saliva and mucus Theoretically, hand cleaning with hand sanitizer containing ethanol can provide an effective ability to prevent influenza virus infection The results of a recent study published in the Journal msphere suggest that there is still room for improvement in this hand cleaning method According to the study conducted by researchers from Kyoto Institute of education and medicine, even after two minutes of exposure to alcohol-based disinfectant (EBD), influenza A virus (IAV) is still infectious in the wet mucus of infected patients They found that in order to completely eliminate the virus, at least four minutes of exposure to EBD is required Photo source: cell, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.010 [6] cell: clinical trials show that intestinal bacteria can improve the efficacy of influenza vaccine in clinical trials doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.010 in animal models and human related studies, more and more evidence shows that intestinal microorganisms can shape immune response In a new study, researchers from Stanford University in the United States confirmed the association in humans They found that for people who had not been vaccinated against influenza or who had not been infected with the virus in the past three years, the antibiotic treatment regimen prior to the vaccination resulted in fewer antibodies being immunized than the study participants who had not been treated with antibiotics, and the results were published in the journal Cell Researchers say it's important to do this kind of research in humans because a lot of research has been done in animal models Although this is valuable, especially in understanding how the immune system reacts to flora, vaccinations, and fatal microbial infections, there are significant differences in the human body, and we know very little about how the human body reacts 【7】 Nat Microbiol: identify the key molecule that can effectively identify influenza virus SIGN-R1 doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0506-6 recently, an international journal Nature In the Research Report on microbiology, scientists from Barcelona Biomedical Research Institute found a special molecule named SIGN-R1 through research, which may be able to effectively identify a variety of mutations of influenza virus and guide the immune response of individuals affected by the disease The relevant research results are expected to help develop a new influenza vaccine development strategy Influenza is one of the most common diseases that cause the global population to be hospitalized for treatment, especially the elderly and those with impaired immune function However, despite the existence of effective influenza vaccine, the influenza virus will still mutate and escape the immune defense of the body Therefore, in order to protect the body against influenza virus infection, researchers need to re prepare the vaccine every year In recent years, the Department Scientists have focused on alternative ways to completely neutralize the virus, while vaccinators do not need to be vaccinated every year 【8】 Nat Microbiol: scientists have successfully mapped out the structure of influenza A virus genome doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0513-7 recently, an international journal Nature In the Research Report on microbiology, scientists from Britain, Australia and the United States have drawn the structure of influenza A virus genome through research In this paper, the researchers describe their genetic analysis of influenza A virus and the characteristics of its genome Over time, microbiologists and health officials are very worried about the spread of deadly influenza viruses in the future Such viruses may cause a global epidemic, killing millions of people around the world For this reason, many researchers have begun to study the molecular mechanism behind influenza virus infection In this study, researchers We have drawn the genetic structure of influenza A virus, which will bring potential safety risks to people's health 【9】 Nat Microbiol: what's new! Scientists are expected to use lipid targets to develop a new influenza therapy doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0444-3 for most people, influenza A virus (IAV, influenza A A Virus can often be cleared by the body's immune system; however, in some cases, the immune response of the host will be out of order If not controlled in time, the inflammation caused by the immune cells of the body will lead to extensive lung tissue damage, and increase in mortality and incidence rate So how can we help the immune system balance the two main host defense strategies? That is, attacking pathogens (host tolerance) and protecting their own tissues (disease tolerance) Recently, an international magazine Nature In the Research Report on microbiology, scientists from McGill University Health Center solved this basic problem through research The researchers identified a new target, which can help reduce the body's overactive immunity against influenza virus infection In this paper, the researchers clarified the lipid mediated leukotriene B4 (leukotriene B4, LTB4) plays a key role in the lung The researchers found that LTB4 can not only reduce the tissue damage caused by immune response, but also enhance the survival rate of the host The relevant research findings are expected to help researchers develop new treatments for influenza Researcher erwan pernet said that influenza virus is not the only threat, and the host's own immune response will also endanger the survival of the host, so it is necessary to understand the regulatory mechanism to maintain a close balance between protective immunity and harmful immunity 【10】 Nat Med: the new vaccine can protect human influenza doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0463-x according to a recent article published in the journal Nature Medicine, the author developed an influenza vaccine that can effectively protect human body There are two types of proteins on the surface of influenza virus: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase According to the different types of the two proteins, influenza viruses are divided into different strains (such as H1N1) Current influenza vaccines target the head structure of the hemagglutinin molecule, which is also the most frequently mutated part of the virus Every season, researchers develop flu vaccines for this part of the world Researchers believe that if they target the "stem" rather than the head of the hemagglutinin, they will help design a more broad-spectrum vaccine (Bio Valley bio Com) Bio Valley more wonderful inventory! 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