Several articles focus on scientists' new advances in star-shaped glial cell research in recent years!

This article, a small inventory of several articles, focusing on scientists in recent years in the study of astrogenic glial cells to share with you! File photo: Lucas Cheadle 1 Science Sub-Journal: Revealing that drinking alcohol causes small glial cells to devour and trim synapses, triggering anxiety doi:10.1126/scisignal.aba5754 In a new study, researchers from the University of Porto in Portugal found that researchers in male mice Drinking alcohol for 10 consecutive days (on average, a person drinks about five times a day for humans) enhances Src-TNF signal transductivity in small glial cells in the pre-cortical cortical cortical layer, thereby enhancing their swallowing capacity and leading to abnormal synaptic pruning, which eventually leads to synaptic loss and anxiety-like behavior.
, these results suggest that abnormal synhapus pruning of small glial cells may play an important role in synactical delivery defects caused by alcohol abuse.
study was published in the journal Science Signaling.
is thought to be a major factor in brain damage caused by alcohol. Several previous studies of
, including 20 weeks of alcohol consumption in 5-week-old female mice with an ethanol concentration of approximately 140 mg/dl, and 5 weeks of liquid diet with ethanol concentration of approximately 215 mg/dl in female mice between 6 and 8 weeks of age, have shown that heavy drinking triggers inflammatory cytokine expression characteristics, accompanied by neuroglial growth.
However, although repetitive drinking levels induced neuroimmune activation and inflammatory synapse loss, in the new study, the authors found that in male mouse models, this did not produce classic inflammatory cytokine expression.
Instead, their data were more in line with previous transcriptional histological studies, particularly an RNA sequencing study: long-term exposure of small glial cells from the pre-frontal cortical cortical layer to alcohol (using a two-bottle selection pattern the next day) did not induce typical inflammatory cytokine expression characteristics.
Similarly, in the ethanol exposure model developed by the authors, transcriptional expression of TLR4 decreased significantly, which was more consistent with a previous study that showed that acute exposure to alcohol in in-body cultured human perveloped blood monocytes inhibited TLR4 signal transducation.
, the dose and duration of ethanol exposure appear to affect neuroimmune activation and small glial cell-promoting signal transductivity in different ways.
: Uncovering the molecular mechanisms by which small glial cells shape neural circuits in the brain doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.002, in a study published in the international journal Neuron, from Cold Spring Scientists at The Hong Kong Laboratory and others say immune cells may play an unexpected role in fine-tuning the brain's neural circuits, and that immune cells called small glial cells not only protect the brain from infection and inflammation, but also help shape developing brain circuits.
In this study, researchers delved into the link between biology and the outside world, and researcher Lucas Cheadle said: 'We are very interested in studying how neural circuits respond to sensory experiences; Strong feedback from the environment is really needed to promote brain maturation, and when animals interact with their surroundings, some neuron connections are eliminated and others strengthened, a process that can last up to a decade after birth.
: Cell: Small glial cells make room for new synhapal formation by devouring extracellular substations doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.050 In order to create new memories, our brain cells must first find each other.
small protrusions protruding from the long branched tentacles of neurons so that they can talk.
these cells chat on a port called synapses, and trillions of synapses are found throughout the brain, allowing us to present new knowledge.
, however, scientists are still understanding how these connections respond to new experiences and information.
, in a new study, researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, have surprisingly discovered a new way for brain immune cells to help solve problems.
study was published in the Cell journal.
4 (Xinhua) -- Scientists at Zhejiang University have revealed that small glial cells play a key role in memory regulation doi:10.1126/science.aaz2288 Small glial cells are resident immune cells in the brain, and they are the first responders, always looking for where errors occur.
they account for about 10% of our brain cells.
past, they were thought to be passive bystanders in the brain and only work when injured or infected.
these cells were first observed in 1856 by German doctor Rudolf Virchow and later called small glial cells, meaning "small glue".
now, in a new mouse-based study, researchers from Zhejiang University School of Medicine in China have found that small glial cells may actually be a key factor in memory loss.
if the same effect is found in humans, it could lead to better treatments for amnesia, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases that affect memory.
study was published in the journal Science.
small glial cells have many functions.
when there is damage or infection, they play an active role in suppressing brain responses.
scientists are increasingly aware that small glial cells have many functions.
our brains are mixed with dead cells and piles of chemicals that need to be removed.
the task of small glial cells is to keep our brains clean and healthy.
recently found that small glial cells are involved in maintaining connections between nerve cells, called synapses.
these synapses are vital communication hubs for brain cells to talk to each other and transmit brain signals.
, in particular, small glial cells actively remove or "trim" synapses during brain development, which helps shape the circuits that make the brain work effectively.
-5 ScienceDaily: Blocking TGF-β in Astrological Glial Cells Promises treatment for Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8283doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8954 Drugs that inhibit inflammation of the brain may slow or even reverse cognitive decline as we age.
in the first new study, Dr. Daniela Kaufer, a professor of integrated biology at the University of California, Berkeley, and Dr. Alon Friedman of Bangorion University in Israel, and colleagues reported that older mice given one such drug showed fewer signs of brain inflammation and were better able to learn new tasks, almost as skilled as mice half their age.
findings were recently published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
researchers say we tend to look at the elderly brain in a neurodegenerative way: aging involves loss of function and cell death.
but our new data explains why the elderly brain doesn't work well in a different way: that's precisely because of the 'fog' of this inflammatory load.
, however, when the inflammatory fog is removed, the elderly brain is like a young brain within a few days.
is a very, very optimistic finding in terms of the plasticity of the brain.
we can reverse brain aging.
photo Source: Gong Chen Lab, Penn State 6 Stem Cell Rep: New drug mix promises to convert asbestal cells into neurons to treat multiple neurodegenerative diseases doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.003, a report published in the international journal Stem Cell Reports In the study, scientists from Pennsylvania State University developed a simple drug mix that could convert cells near damaged neurons into functional new neurons to treat diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and brain damage; Professor Gong Chen, a researcher at
, says the biggest problem with brain repair is that neuron cells cannot regenerate after brain damage in patients because they cannot divide; in contrast, glial cells that congregate near damaged brain tissue can proliferate after brain damage, and the researchers believe that converting these glial cells into new neurons may be the best way to restore function of missing neurons.
: Scientists have successfully studied the function of human small glial cells in the brains of mice Promising to develop a new treatment for Alzheimer's disease doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0525-x The human brain has always been a very complex subject of research. The resolution of the scans and the information they can provide is also very limited, and researchers are unable to use in-body methods to completely replicate important micro-environments in brain cells. In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Neuroscience, scientists from the Landers Institute for Biotechnology developed a new method that pioneered the transplantation of small glial cells from the human brain into the brains of mice.
Small glial cells are brain cells that maintain major complex brain functions and play a very important role in the onset of Alzheimer's disease, but it is difficult for researchers to study small glial cells;
(8) Cell: Astrological glial cells protect neurons from toxin accumulation doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.001 A study published in the international journal Cell recently reported on brain cells collecting damaged lipids secreted by overactive neurons and then recycling these toxic molecules as a mechanism to protect neurons from excessive activity.
when neurons move quickly and violently, lipid molecules in cells can be damaged and become toxic.
most cells isolate excess fatty acids or transport them to their mitochondrials to prevent build-up, neurons do not seem to rely on this mechanism.
team found that stimulating mouse neurons in petri dishes causes fatty acids to accumulate, eventually leading to the release of lipid particles.
, nearby star-shaped glial cells devour the particles, enhancing the activity of genes involved in energy production and detoxification.
researchers say astrocytes transfer the lipids secreted by neurons into their mitochondrials, converting waste into energy.
mouse model showed a similar phenomenon: after mimicking brain damage from a stroke, neurons increased the production of proteins involved in transporting fatty acids out of cells, and the levels of fatty acids in asstargic glial cells increased significantly.
(9) Science: Revealing the new role of astrological glial cells in the brain in controlling circadian rhythms Doi:10.1126/science.aat4104 In a new study, researchers from the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Medical Research Council of the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom have found that astrological glial cells, the "care" cells that surround and support neurons in the brain, play a more important role in understanding the circadian rhythms , the body's 24-hour biological clock.
astrological glial cells were previously thought to be only neurons that supported regulating circadian rhythms, but the new study suggests that they can actually guide the rhythm of the body's biological clock and, for the first time, prove that they can control patterns of mammalian behavior.
study was published in the journal Science.
When circadian rhythms are disrupted, this can lead to jet lag reactions and sleep disorders, as well as a range of diseases, from mental illness to dementia, diabetes and cancer.
findings of the new study could pave the way for the development of new treatments.
circadian rhythms are well known for their role in maintaining human health, and although it has been found that many different types of cells in the body have their own internal clocks, they are timed primarily by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
cross-core is a small brain region in the hemthroid brain that acts as the master clock responsible for regulating everyday behavior.
(10) Cell Stem Cell: Scientists have clarified the molecular mechanism by which nerve prescient cells in the brain differentiate into glial cells doi:10.1016/j.stem.2018.09.008 In the brain, both types of cells are often active: nerve cells and glial cells, which scientists have long considered to be supportive cells, but more and more studies have found.