See how bulls use tumor immunity to reach the top of Nature.

Today, let's take stock of new findings on topics from solid tumors to blood cancers and even digital diagnosis, and see how cancer-immune bulls are using emerging platforms such as single-celled technology and digital spatial analysis to continue to ride the storm and dominate high-score journals such as Nature in 2020.
Breakthrough One: The role of tertiary lymphatic tissue in tumor immunotherapy Began in 2020 with a headline that was an important step in revealing the function of B cells in tumor immunotherapy and T-cell activation by a team of Professor Jennifer Wargo from MD Anderson Medical Center and a back-to-back study of B cells and tertiary lymphoid tissue in tumors at Nature. The team at
MD Andersen Medical Center and Lund University in Sweden used single-cell sequencing, multifluorescence immunogroupization, and the Digital Spatial Multi-Histological Analysis System (GeoMx DSP) to analyze spatial information about tumor tissue in three yin breast cancers and melanomas, respectively.
both teams found the presence of TLS in both solid tumor categories and analyzed a large amount of clinical data to provide strong evidence of the relationship between TLS density and patient survival.
two groundbreaking studies have found a relationship between B-cells and immunotherapy, opening up new ground for immunotherapy.
Perhaps in the future, tumor immunotherapy will be able to enhance clinical outcomes by increasing the activity and number of B-cells, as well as the density of TLS in tumors, benefiting patients who would otherwise not respond to tumor immunotherapy.
relevant literature Helmink G, Wargo J, et al. B-cellsand tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) contribute to immune checkpoint blockaderesponse. Nature 2020 Cabrta R, Jonsson G, et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures improve melanoma survival and therapyrapy response. Nature 2020 "Breakthrough II: New immunotherapy brings light to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) research in addition to solid tumors, and blood tumors such as acute myeloid Leukemia (AML) offer new hope in the field of new immunotherapy.
recently, a team of researchers from the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom successfully carried out a deep understanding of the immune micro-environment of AML's bone marrow tumors through more than 400 spatial biology inogenic protein determinations in more than 400 AML bone marrow puncture samples.
By expressing information through differences in gene expression in large tissues and protein space in tumor microenvironments in bone marrow, the researchers found two groups of immune cell abundance and immune cell depletion, successfully associated immune characteristics with the effects of chemotherapy resistance and survival, and pointed out the possibility of individualized immunotherapy for clinical treatment in AML patients suffering from chemotherapy resistance.
Therefore, in the future, for high-risk blood cancers such as AML, the medical community, in addition to considering the case of key genetic variants, should also be combined with the actual state of the patient's tumor immune micro-environment, such as immune cell abundance or poor conditions to customize treatment options for precision treatment purposes."
the literature Vadakekolathu et al. Immunes Landscapes PredictEdy Resistance and Immukapy Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Science Translational Medicine. 2020 "Breakthrough III: The determination of PD-L1 protein expression in tumor tissue is expected to enable the widespread use of multiple accompanying diagnostic methods such as Tumor Mutation Burden in recent years, accelerating the pace of precision medicine."
it is important to note that most tumor accompanying diagnoses, such as liquid biopsies, are based on DNA extracted from large tissues or blood.
but multiple different tumor cell clones may be distributed in the same tumor tissue, i.e. tumor heterogeneity.
However, the spatial distribution of immune and substation cells in tumor tissues in tumors, especially the distribution of different cell sub-groups and their interactions, is likely to have an important impact on clinical outcomes in patients.
team of Professor David Rimm, director of pathology at Yale University, recently conducted an in-depth study of PD-L1 spatial expression in non-small cell lung cancers that have been single-treated with tumor immunotherapy.
found that the spatial distribution of immune cells in different regions was predictive for patient prognostication.
such as CD56 NK cells and CD4 T cell high expression in lymphocytic community have good prognostication for patients' progression-free survival and total survival.
contrast, CD56 NK cells and CD4 T cell expression in other cell populations were independent of the patient's prognostication.
the emergence of spatial information proves once again that the high complexity of tumor micro-environment can not be interpreted by relying on large tissue detection as a single means, and by adding spatial information as a variable, the resolution of different patient groups is clearer.
note that in the study, the spatial expression of all 44 proteins was a numerically accurate quantitative result, rather than a subjective score based on fluorescent brightness.
therefore, there is no deviation of traditional immune group staining due to subjective factors.
, digital spatial information quantification may become a new PD-L1 accompanying diagnostic tool in the future.
the relevant literature Zugazugoitia et al, Biomarkers Associated with mutual PD-1 checkpoint blockade innon-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) identified using high-plex digital digital profiling. Clinical Cancer Research.2020 summarizes from the above breakthrough research it is not difficult to see that the next breakthrough stage of tumor immunotherapy is not only towards precision, individual development, but also from the traditional large tissue, to today's single cell level and even multi-dimensional multi-histological spatial analysis.
The space transcription group platform, which combines multiple sets of sciences and high parameters, will be the next major hot area to lead the field of tumor immunology research, and this new technology, while combining second-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital spatial multi-grouping techniques, can achieve multiple measurements of spatial information in paraffin-buried samples, fresh frozen tissues and other samples according to the different needs of researchers.
source: NanoString !-- end of content presentation -- !-- determine if the login ends.