Scientists reveal the mystery of human sleep!

In this paper, I have compiled many research reports to share with you the secrets of human sleep! Photo source: gigaom [1] Science: new discovery! How are our brain memories stored during sleep? doi：10.1126/science.aay0616 Recently, scientists from the interdisciplinary research center of biology of France University have shown that the trigonometric waves generated by our brain during sleep do not become silent with the rest of the cortex Instead, they will help the formation of long-term memory by isolating a special cluster of neurons The relevant research results are published in the journal Science When we sleep, the hippocampus spontaneously activates itself by generating signals similar to when we are awake First it sends information to the cortex, which then responds The last is usually followed by a period of silence, so the brainwave is called "triangle wave" Then there is the rhythmic repetition known as the "sleep spindle." These processes are the key to signal reorganization in cortex to form stable memory However, the role of trigonometry in the formation of new memory is still puzzling: why does silence interrupt the information exchange between hippocampus and cortex and the functional reorganization of cortex? 【2】 Sleep Med: sleep is also affected by gender, region and age? Doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.024 according to a recent global and extensive study on sleep, the author found that people's sleep time will vary with age, geographical area and gender "Interestingly, even in people over 20, circadian rhythms change It has been known before that the sleep time of adolescence will be delayed This study suggests that this delay will actually continue into adulthood, "said Liisa kuula, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Helsinki By region, people in Europe and North America sleep the longest, while Asian countries sleep the shortest People in the Middle East sleep the latest, and the first to rest are people living in Oceania 【3】 Neuron: a major breakthrough! After 10 years of research, scientists finally identified the second "natural short sleep" gene doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.026 After 10 years of research, scientists from the University of California have finally identified the second key gene to promote "natural short-term sleep" Previously, researchers found the first gene to promote "natural short-term sleep" Natural short-term sleep means that an individual's sleep time per night is only 4-6 hours, but the body is still sufficient The results of the study were published in the international journal Neuron Before we found the first short sleep gene, it seems that people didn't consider the sleep time of the body from the perspective of genetics; many scientists think that they would not study the specific sleep behavior of human from the perspective of genetics and make use of human genetics, said researcher Ying Hui Fu, Ph.D It's difficult to study sleep with scientific tools, because people often use alarm clock, coffee and drugs to change their natural sleep cycle These sleep disturbances often make it difficult for scientists to effectively distinguish between people who have less than 6 hours of natural sleep and people who sleep with the help of artificial stimulants 【4】 Expert physical: sleep deprivation can affect the function of microRNA in the body and damage cardiovascular health! Doi: 10.1113/ep087469 in recent years, a large number of studies have shown that people who lack sleep have a higher risk of stroke and heart attack; recently, an international journal, experimental In the Research Report on physiology, scientists from the University of Colorado found that individuals who sleep less than 7 hours a night have lower levels of three physiological regulators in their blood, which can affect gene expression and play a key role in maintaining vascular health The results may help researchers develop new non-invasive detection methods for sleep deprived patients to help monitor their health Christopher de Souza, the researcher, said that in this study, we elucidated a new potential mechanism, namely, how sleep affects heart health and the overall physiological health of the body Although the American Heart Association recommends that people should sleep 7-9 hours a night, about 40% of the population is not up to the standard In general, in the past century, the average sleep time of Americans has dropped from 9 hours a night to 6.8 hours a night 【5】 Not to be underestimated! Just 16 minutes of sleep will affect the next day's work attention! News reading: just 16 minutes of sleep loss can harm work concentration the next day? For example, taking a nap during the day or making a wrong decision It may not be about your work, but it is about sleep, but it is not entirely your fault Many researchers are studying many aspects of health and aging Recent studies have shown that poor sleep may affect the judgment of the body, leading to work errors and distractions Instead, sleep is focused on The first priority may improve our cognitive ability at work Using eight day diary data from a sample of 130 middle-aged IT workers in the US, the researchers found that the sleep characteristics of the previous night could help predict the "cognitive disturbance" of the individual the next day or the experience and distracted thoughts outside work The researchers used five frequencies (0: never, 4: very frequently) and nine project responses to measure experiences and distractions outside of work For example, one of the questions is how often do you have thoughts jumping into your brain? In the days with shorter sleep quality and worse sleep quality than usual, the staff reported more cognitive interference Among the participants, the sleep of 16 minutes less than usual had a certain correlation with another point on the personal cognitive interference scale the next day Photo source: Wikipedia [6] nature: great progress! In a new study, researchers from Oxford University in the UK found out how oxidative stress causes sleep Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the causes of our aging and degenerative diseases This discovery gives us a deeper understanding of the mysterious functions of sleep and provides new hope for the treatment of sleep disorders This may also explain why long-term sleep deprivation shortens life, with the results published in the journal Nature The researchers say it's no accident that oxygen tanks carry an explosion hazard label: uncontrolled combustion is dangerous Animals, including humans, face a similar risk of using the oxygen they breathe to turn food into energy: incomplete combustion causes' oxidative stress' in cells This is believed to be the cause of aging and the cause of degenerative diseases that plague our later years Our new research shows that oxidative stress also activates neurons that control whether we go to sleep 【7】 Nat commun: scientists found the brain's sleep switch doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06590-7 twenty years ago, Clifford B Saper, MD, director of the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (bidmc), and colleagues found a group of nerve cells, which they thought might be the switch regulating the active state of the brain In a new study recently published in nature communications, Saper and colleagues demonstrated in mice that these cells in the hypothalamic region, known as the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), are actually essential for normal sleep Saper's team used genetically engineered mice to activate VLPO neurons using several different tools In one experiment, scientists used laser beams to activate neurons In another test, the team used a chemical to selectively activate VLPO neurons In both cases, activating these cells can seriously affect sleep 【8】 BMC public health: Alert! Sleep less than 6 hours or more than 10 hours a day will have adverse effects on the health of the body doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5557-8 recently, an international journal published in BMC public In the report on health, scientists from Seoul National University School of Medicine found that 133608 Korean men and women aged 40-69 had less than 6 hours or more of sleep per day or were directly related to metabolic syndrome Men who sleep less than six hours a day have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome and waistline thickening than men who sleep six to seven hours a day, while women who sleep less than six hours face a higher risk of waistline thickening, the researchers said If men sleep more than 10 hours a day, it is related to the risk of metabolic syndrome At the same time, the level of triglyceride in their body will also increase, while the risk of multiple diseases in women will also increase, such as metabolic syndrome, waistline thickening, triglyceride and blood glucose levels increase, and the level of beneficial cholesterol in their body will decrease About 11% of men and 13% of women sleep less than 6 hours a day, while 1.5% of men and 1.7% of women sleep more than 10 hours a day, the researchers said 【9】 PNAs: scientists have revealed how gene mutation can reduce our sleep doi: 10.1073/pnas.1801693115 This may be the dream of every person who wants to succeed: there is a gene mutation that can make them only need four or six hours of sleep to work normally, rather than eight hours of rest As early as 2009, researchers discovered a mutation in the gene Dec2 in family members who were born with shorter sleep times, who slept at normal times (11:00 to midnight) but woke up around 5:00 in the morning "These people didn't train them to get up so early, but they were born like this The latest study, published in the journal PNAs, revealed how mutations in Dec2 can reduce sleep time for people who sleep for just a few hours to survive and perform well 【10】 Nature: scientists have found the brain cells that promote sleep doi: 10.1038/nature23663 recently, in a research report published in the international journal Nature, researchers from Johns Hopkins University found a kind of neurons in the brain that can promote sleep By inhibiting the activity of "awake" neurons, these neurons make the body produce the desire to sleep These neurons are located in an area of the hypothalamus called the "undetermined area." According to the researchers, the findings provide new drug targets for treating disorders such as sleep disorders In this paper, the researchers describe this neuron that expresses lhx6 It has not been found that such neurons exist in this area before, and it is not known that they control sleep and wakefulness "Because the hypothalamus is a relatively conservative region in the evolution process, the research conducted at the mouse level can expand our understanding of the genetic and chemical properties of the human hypothalamus (Bio Valley bio Com) Bio Valley more wonderful inventory! Coming soon!