Scientists find wheat "cancer" star Yuan Long equal review

wheat erythromycin disease, is the world's most destructive and difficult to prevent and control fungal diseases, wheat "cancer" called. It is heartening that our scientists have taken a crucial step in the treatment of wheat erythromycin.
Professor, School of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, chief expert of the wheat innovation team of the modern agricultural industry technology system in Shandong Province, Kong Ling jean and his team cloned the main gene Fhb7, which is resistant to erythromycin from the wheat near-edge plant, and successfully transferred it to wheat varieties, which for the first time clearly and verified that the gene not only has stable erythromycin resistance in wheat disease breeding, but also has a broad-spectrum detoxification function. The findings were published online April 10 in the journal Science.eradication of wheat erythromycin and the cultivation and use of disease-resistant varieties are top choices, and scientists have screened tens of thousands of wheat varieties worldwide in the past.
" is subject to theoretical cognition and technical level, more than half a century, the study of erythromycin has made little breakthrough in the world, especially in wheat species resources available in the main effect of erythromycin gene is very rare. Cheng Shun, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a scientist who has long been engaged in wheat anti-erythromycin breeding, pointed out.
fact, no wheat species resources immune to erythromycin have been found so far. Not all of the seven main anti-erythromycin genes currently identified and named internationally are highly resistant to disease, and some, although disease-resistant, come at the expense of yield.
In addition, Kang Zhensheng, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a professor at Northwestern University of Agriculture, Forage and Technology, points out that because wheat has a large genome and the complexity of wheat-fungal interoperability, researchers have limited understanding of the mechanism of wheat resistance to erythromycin.
recent years, it is even more urgent to solve this worldwide problem. For farmers, the disease is invincible, wheat fields once infected, usually reduced production by 10%-20%, when serious up to 80%-90%, seriously ill wheat fields can be destroyed.Kong Ling jean, author of the
paper, told China Science Daily that wheat grains infected with erythromycin are dry, starch and protein content is reduced, powder rate is low, wet gluten content is low, and the wheat content reaches more than 4% and loses its edible value. While production and quality are declining, food and feed made from raw materials pose a serious threat to human and animal health.
Wheat near-edge plant long-spike buckthau grass carries many excellent genes such as disease resistance, anti-reverse, high-quality, wheat varieties are improved excellent genetic resources, the use of distant hybridization technology, these excellent foreign genes can be transferred to wheat.
the anti-erythromycin gene Fhb7 obtained by the team is derived from the long-spike barley grass, and then through the group " The cloning and breeding utilization of the anti-erythromycin gene Fhb7 is of great strategic significance, and its research contents are seamlessly interwoven into a complete scientific story. Deng Sheng, chief scientist at Peking University's Institute of Modern Agriculture, wrote a special essay after reading the research paper.
The scientific story mentioned by Deng Sheng is that over the past 20 years, Kong Ling has allowed the team to fully explain the "context" of the Fhb7 gene's disease resistance process, from assembling the genome of the long-spiked barley grass to discovering, cloning and analyzing the main effect gene Fhb7 disease resistance mechanism, and then applying it to wheat breeding.
In 1985, Kong Ling let from the master's degree began to engage in the long-spike barley grass, octogenureal small barley and wheat long-term hybridization research, the first time in the long-spike barley grass 7E chromosome long arm end found wheat anti-erythromycin gene Fhb7. For nearly 10 years, he led the team through initial positioning to prove that the Fhb7 single gene can control high resistance effects, and then carried out high-quality assembly and annotation of the complex long-spike barley grass genome, and completed the fine positioning of the gene.
, how on earth does the Fhb7 gene "fight" wheat erythromycin? Using traditional techniques such as map cloning, cytogenetics, mutant screening and genetic modification, the team was fully functionally validated. Through a series of molecular experiments and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, it was found that the Fhb7 gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that opens the epoxy group of vomit toxin and catalyzes it to form glutathione adhesion, thus producing a detoxifying effect.
the production of vomiting toxin is one of the most serious factors of wheat erythromycin disease. "Of the single-end sporemycin toxins secreted by pathogens that cause erythromycin in wheat, vomiting toxins are the most common, the highest content in grains, and are designated by the World Health Organization as the most dangerous food pollutants that are naturally present, and are also important factors restricting food and food safety in China and the world." Deng said.
the Fhb7 gene is so critical, where does it come from? In tracing its evolutionary history, researchers were at one point confused. Because they used genome sequence comparison analysis, no 1ogeneic gene for Fhb7 was found throughout the plant community.
" but we found the sequence of Fhb7 in the genetic physics map, suggesting that the gene did exist and was not 'contaminated' during the experiment. Sun Silong, the first author of the paper and an associate professor at Shandong Agricultural University's School of Agriculture, told China Science Daily. They then finally discovered the hosogene gene, which is as high as 97% 97%, in the symbox of the barley grass, the fennel endogenetic fungus.
Sun Silong analysis, " the gene is likely to be transferred through the gene level, from the fennel endogenic fungus integrated into the genome of the long-spike barley grass, thus evolving the function of anti-sickle bacteria pathogen invasion. "
is the first time scientists have found functional evidence of horizontal transfer of DNA from the nuclear genome between nuclear organisms." This is an extremely rare phenomenon of cross-border transfer of biological genes, which deserves further study to explore new mechanisms of plant disease-resistant genes and genomic evolution. Deng said.
it is worth mentioning that Fhb1 and Fhb7 are recognized as highly effective genes against erythromycin in seven primary genes, both of which are quite resistant. Niu Jishan, an associate researcher at the National Wheat Engineering Center of Henan Agricultural University, and others mentioned in the study review that the genetic background had an effect on the resistance of Fhb1 to erythromycin.
-hole order allowed the team to compare the effects of Fhb7 on other agro-features in multiple wheat backgrounds, and the results showed that while showing good resistance to erythromycin, there was no significant negative effect on the features, including thousand grain weight and flag leaf length.
means that in future breeding, Fhb7 will probably be more selective than Fhb1. Kong Ling jean, the results of research not only to promote scientific development meaningful, but also really "use" and "use well", welcomed by farmers and the market.
hole allowed the team to use distant hybrid binding molecular markers to assist in selecting the transfer of chromosome fragments of the long-spiked barley grass carrying the Fhb7 gene to cultivated wheat, resulting in a qualitative material resistant to erythromycin.
, more than 30 units have used these materials for genetic improvement of wheat against erythromycin, and conducted extensive experiments in Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places, with good results.
's more comforting to researchers than that. "The Fhb7 gene is really a 'magic gene'." Wang Hongwei, the first author and co-author of the paper and an associate professor at Shandong Agricultural University's School of Agriculture, excitedly told the China Science Daily that a large number of field experiments in recent years have found that plants carrying the Fhb7 gene have shown significant resistance to stem-based rot, which is widely infected with a variety of crops, while resisting wheat erythromycin.
This means that the Fhb7 gene revealed in the study encodes a glutathione S-transferase (GST) technique or licenses for deep processing and feed industries including wheat, corn, rice, etc., to remove related toxins from food and is expected to be industrialization.
" is more important for the well-being of human life and health, but also for a longer period of time in the future we strive for the direction. Kong Ling Jean said.
At present, a number of new wheat lineages carrying the Fhb7 gene have entered the national and provincial preparatory and regional trials, and have been incorporated into China's wheat seed joint attack plan to provide solutions to the problem of wheat erythromycin from the source.
Yuan Longping, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the father of hybrid rice, also commented on the study, saying that the discovery of the Fhb7 gene and the analysis of disease resistance mechanisms are equally important for crop breeding such as rice and corn. As a rare gene for the improvement and innovation of grain crop quality, its popularization and application in the field of breeding will greatly improve the innovation level of crop quality resources in China and provide an important guarantee for the industry to improve its efficiency and ensure national food security.
relevant paper information: DOI:10.1126/science.aba5435 Kong Ling lets the key members of the team Long Spike barley grass genome molecular evolution and Fhb7 map cloning the transfer of the anti-erythromycin gene Fhb7 utilizes the genetic evolutionary and disease-resistant functional molecular Fhb7 cross-species transfer and anti-erythromycin molecular
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