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Scientists have discovered six proteins linked to rheumatic heart disease (RHD), which could revolutionize the way the disease is treated and diagnosed in developing countries
Published in the journal Clinical Proteomics, a collaboration between research teams from the University of Manchester (UoM) in the UK and the University of Cape Town (UCT) in South Africa has contributed to the world's annual disability from this devastating disease 40 million poor people bring hope
Reports using state-of-the-art proteomic techniques” by postgraduate researcher M Taariq Salie, (MSc student, University of Cape Town) and Jing Yang (postdoc, UoM) to discover disease biomarkers signature-reveals persistent inflammatory activity in 215 The first severe RHD patients were from 10 African countries
RHD is caused by one or several episodes of rheumatic fever, initially a sore throat (usually in children) caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus pyogenes, which spreads easily from person to person
Although it is the only cardiovascular disease with global impact that is completely preventable, echocardiography is difficult to obtain in developing countries for early diagnosis and treatment
Poor social conditions, overcrowding, and limited access to medical resources explain why RHD remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries
However, the discovery of biomarker signatures may enable the development of simple test kits for home and clinic use
While more research is needed, the team believes that existing anti-inflammatory treatments may now be repurposed to use them prophylactically to combat the persistent inflammation they found and prevent disease progression
Blood samples were obtained from consented RHD participants in the RHDGen consortium, led by researchers Dr Mark Engel and the late Professor Bonjani Mahosi of the University of Cape Town
This allowed the team to analyze some 2,500 proteins involved in the RHS, but using machine-learned proteomic data, they were able to identify six proteins with a 90 percent identification rate
Proteomics uses a special form of mass spectrometry, an analytical laboratory technique that separates the components of a sample by its mass and charge, but allows large-scale studies of a range of proteins produced by individuals
Senior author Bernard Keavney, Clinical Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine at the University of Manchester, Consultant Cardiologist at the University of Manchester NHS Foundation, and co-author with Engel, said: "Rheumatic heart disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries
"Nearly 300,000 people die from this disease every year, and 40 million people are deeply affected by it
"It's a tragedy because it's basically preventable if diagnosed early enough
"However, by providing a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of RHD, we now hope to open the door to new opportunities for drug repurposing, prevention and the development of easy-to-use diagnostics
