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Editor | Enzyme White Matter is the place where nerve fibers in the brain gather.
Because its area is lighter than the surface of the brain where the cell body gathers, it is called white matter
.
When a person is about twenty years old, white matter gradually develops in different brain regions.
The timing and maturity of its growth will affect learning, intelligence, self-control, and mental illness, such as schizophrenia, autism, and mania.
Depression, one of the reasons for the frivolous youth of adolescents is also due to underdeveloped white matter
.
For a long time, scientists have speculated that the genetic basis of white matter is related to a variety of mental characteristics and neurodegenerative diseases, but there is not much evidence yet
.
At the same time, the health of white matter is closely related to the quality of life of the elderly
.
For example, leukoaraiosis is a kind of white matter damage that is common in the elderly.
Early leukoaraiosis has no related neurological and psychiatric symptoms, and its occurrence and development can lead to cognitive dysfunction, gait abnormalities and urinary incontinence.
, Significantly increase the risk of long-term dementia and stroke, and seriously affect the health and quality of life of the elderly
.
Caring for the health of the white matter of the brain has increasingly become an important medical and public health problem in an aging society
.
By integrating and processing more than 40,000 brain MRI images from different databases, the BIGS2 research team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (https:// recently published a long report in Science.
Text Common genetic variation influencing human white matter microstructure
.
The study found the genetic basis that affects white matter differences, located many genetic sites that affect white matter, and revealed for the first time the complex genetic relationship between white matter and many brain diseases and mental health
.
Researchers conducted a genome-wide study (GWAS) on diffusion magnetic resonance images (dMRI) and DNA of more than 40,000 people, and identified 151 gene regions that affect the white matter of the brain, thereby clarifying how genetics can cause differences in the white matter of individual brains (Figure 1) )
.
The accumulation of small differences in gene locus constitutes a unique genetic basis for each of us
.
Generally speaking, some differences can cause differences in human hair color or height, and some are related to disease risk
.
However, we lack a known definition of most of the millions of genetically different loci in humans
.
This is why pinpointing the genetic differences related to the white matter of the brain is a big and far-reaching event
.
The brain white matter gene roadmap outlined by the research will help explain how certain genes affect the physical structure of the individual’s brain and its clinical consequences
.
Figure 1.
Common genetic variants related to the microstructure of white matter.
Genomic location.
Genetic variation affects glial cells and causes changes in the structure of white matter.
Genes can explain approximately 41% of the differences in white matter between individuals
.
This number is greater than the results obtained in previous studies on the gray matter of the brain, indicating that the white matter of the brain is under stronger genetic control
.
In order to find out the types of brain cells that affect white matter differences, the study conducted a difference analysis of different brain cells (glial cells and neurons)
.
The results show that glial cells (especially oligodendrocytes) are closely related to the white matter of the brain
.
In contrast, neurons and white matter are not genetically related (Figure 1)
.
It can be seen that genetic variation is likely to cause changes in the structure of brain white matter by affecting the gene regulation of glial cells
.
Since the white matter of the brain itself is mainly composed of glial cells, these results provide strong biological support for the discovered gene regions
.
The white matter of the brain is widely genetically linked to cognitive functions and various brain diseases.
The study found that the white matter of the brain is widely genetically linked to cognitive functions and various brain diseases
.
For example, among the 25 known genetic risk areas for glioma (GBM), 11 of them also affect the structure of the white matter of the brain, indicating the close genetic relationship between glioma and white matter
.
Diseases that are closely genetically related to the white matter of the brain also include stroke, major depression, hyperactivity, and so on
.
Figure 2 Glioma-related genetic locus and its associated white matter microstructure.
In addition, the study found that 14 genes that affect white matter are the targets of 79 commonly used neurologic drugs, including antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics.
Convulsants, anti-Parkinson's disease, anti-dementia drugs, and drugs used to treat addictive diseases
.
The discovery of the relationship between these drugs and white matter indicates that in the future, researchers can explore the mechanism of interaction between more diseases and white matter at the genetic level
.
Figure 3.
The genetic correlation between white matter microstructure and brain diseases and cognitive characteristics.
In summary, this large-scale genetic study containing more than 40,000 brain images has greatly enriched people’s understanding of the genetic structure of human white matter genes.
Understanding, so that researchers have the first-hand information of the human brain white matter gene map
.
The study found the genetic relationship between white matter and various clinical diseases, and revealed the genetic relationship between many drugs commonly used in the treatment of human brain diseases and white matter.
This shows that considering the relationship between these drugs and white matter can promote the development of many diseases.
Research and development in neuropharmacology
.
On this basis, future researchers will be able to answer more important questions about the relationship between genes and brain structure and diseases
.
For more research results and data downloads, please visit the website: https://bigkp.
org/
.
BIGS2 Research Team Website: https:// Original link: https://doi.
org/10.
1126/science.
abf3736 Platemaker: Notes for reprinting on the 11th [Non-original article] The copyright of this article belongs to The article is owned by the author, personal forwarding and sharing are welcome, reprinting is prohibited without permission, the author has all legal rights, and offenders must be investigated
.
Because its area is lighter than the surface of the brain where the cell body gathers, it is called white matter
.
When a person is about twenty years old, white matter gradually develops in different brain regions.
The timing and maturity of its growth will affect learning, intelligence, self-control, and mental illness, such as schizophrenia, autism, and mania.
Depression, one of the reasons for the frivolous youth of adolescents is also due to underdeveloped white matter
.
For a long time, scientists have speculated that the genetic basis of white matter is related to a variety of mental characteristics and neurodegenerative diseases, but there is not much evidence yet
.
At the same time, the health of white matter is closely related to the quality of life of the elderly
.
For example, leukoaraiosis is a kind of white matter damage that is common in the elderly.
Early leukoaraiosis has no related neurological and psychiatric symptoms, and its occurrence and development can lead to cognitive dysfunction, gait abnormalities and urinary incontinence.
, Significantly increase the risk of long-term dementia and stroke, and seriously affect the health and quality of life of the elderly
.
Caring for the health of the white matter of the brain has increasingly become an important medical and public health problem in an aging society
.
By integrating and processing more than 40,000 brain MRI images from different databases, the BIGS2 research team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (https:// recently published a long report in Science.
Text Common genetic variation influencing human white matter microstructure
.
The study found the genetic basis that affects white matter differences, located many genetic sites that affect white matter, and revealed for the first time the complex genetic relationship between white matter and many brain diseases and mental health
.
Researchers conducted a genome-wide study (GWAS) on diffusion magnetic resonance images (dMRI) and DNA of more than 40,000 people, and identified 151 gene regions that affect the white matter of the brain, thereby clarifying how genetics can cause differences in the white matter of individual brains (Figure 1) )
.
The accumulation of small differences in gene locus constitutes a unique genetic basis for each of us
.
Generally speaking, some differences can cause differences in human hair color or height, and some are related to disease risk
.
However, we lack a known definition of most of the millions of genetically different loci in humans
.
This is why pinpointing the genetic differences related to the white matter of the brain is a big and far-reaching event
.
The brain white matter gene roadmap outlined by the research will help explain how certain genes affect the physical structure of the individual’s brain and its clinical consequences
.
Figure 1.
Common genetic variants related to the microstructure of white matter.
Genomic location.
Genetic variation affects glial cells and causes changes in the structure of white matter.
Genes can explain approximately 41% of the differences in white matter between individuals
.
This number is greater than the results obtained in previous studies on the gray matter of the brain, indicating that the white matter of the brain is under stronger genetic control
.
In order to find out the types of brain cells that affect white matter differences, the study conducted a difference analysis of different brain cells (glial cells and neurons)
.
The results show that glial cells (especially oligodendrocytes) are closely related to the white matter of the brain
.
In contrast, neurons and white matter are not genetically related (Figure 1)
.
It can be seen that genetic variation is likely to cause changes in the structure of brain white matter by affecting the gene regulation of glial cells
.
Since the white matter of the brain itself is mainly composed of glial cells, these results provide strong biological support for the discovered gene regions
.
The white matter of the brain is widely genetically linked to cognitive functions and various brain diseases.
The study found that the white matter of the brain is widely genetically linked to cognitive functions and various brain diseases
.
For example, among the 25 known genetic risk areas for glioma (GBM), 11 of them also affect the structure of the white matter of the brain, indicating the close genetic relationship between glioma and white matter
.
Diseases that are closely genetically related to the white matter of the brain also include stroke, major depression, hyperactivity, and so on
.
Figure 2 Glioma-related genetic locus and its associated white matter microstructure.
In addition, the study found that 14 genes that affect white matter are the targets of 79 commonly used neurologic drugs, including antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics.
Convulsants, anti-Parkinson's disease, anti-dementia drugs, and drugs used to treat addictive diseases
.
The discovery of the relationship between these drugs and white matter indicates that in the future, researchers can explore the mechanism of interaction between more diseases and white matter at the genetic level
.
Figure 3.
The genetic correlation between white matter microstructure and brain diseases and cognitive characteristics.
In summary, this large-scale genetic study containing more than 40,000 brain images has greatly enriched people’s understanding of the genetic structure of human white matter genes.
Understanding, so that researchers have the first-hand information of the human brain white matter gene map
.
The study found the genetic relationship between white matter and various clinical diseases, and revealed the genetic relationship between many drugs commonly used in the treatment of human brain diseases and white matter.
This shows that considering the relationship between these drugs and white matter can promote the development of many diseases.
Research and development in neuropharmacology
.
On this basis, future researchers will be able to answer more important questions about the relationship between genes and brain structure and diseases
.
For more research results and data downloads, please visit the website: https://bigkp.
org/
.
BIGS2 Research Team Website: https:// Original link: https://doi.
org/10.
1126/science.
abf3736 Platemaker: Notes for reprinting on the 11th [Non-original article] The copyright of this article belongs to The article is owned by the author, personal forwarding and sharing are welcome, reprinting is prohibited without permission, the author has all legal rights, and offenders must be investigated
.
