-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
-
Cosmetic Ingredient
- Water Treatment Chemical
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
Click on the blue word to pay attention to our visual information is initially transmitted from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1) through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
.
In fact, two eyeballs are not so even when observing external objects.
Humans prefer to receive visual input from one eye.
This is called ocular dominance
.
This is similar to some people like to use the right hand, and some people like to use the left hand
.
About two-thirds of people have right-eye dominance, and the remaining one-third have left-eye dominance
.
The first week after birth is a critical period for the development of mice, during which a large number of synapses are formed and neural connections are widely established
.
Most of the abnormalities in this critical period of development are harmful and cause neurodevelopmental diseases
.
On July 9, 2021, the research team of Nathalie Rouach of the Paris University of Arts and Sciences revealed the key molecule Cx30 that astrocytes shut down the plasticity of visual development
.
The monocular deprivation experiment can cause the plasticity of visual superiority, and the remodeling of the optic nerve circuit prefers the side that is still open
.
The primary visual cortex has always been a classic model system for the study of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity
.
The researchers cultured immature astrocytes from the first day of life for ten days and transplanted them into the primary visual cortex of adult mice (3 months old)
.
They found that transplantation of immature astrocytes can enhance the plasticity of depriving the visual advantage of the unilateral eyeball.
The transplantation of adult astrocytes does not cause this change
.
It shows that these immature astrocytes can restart the visual advantage plasticity that has been closed
.
So what is the difference between immature and mature astrocytes? The difference in gene expression of astrocytes on the 7th day and the 30th day after birth was compared by single-cell sequencing technology, and it was found that the expression of the gene Gjb6, which encodes astrocyte gap junction channel subunit connexin 30 (Cx30), changed the most Significantly
.
Immunofluorescence revealed that Cx30 was enriched and expressed in the primary visual cortex
.
However, after 4 consecutive days of darkness in adult mice, the level of Cx30 protein in the primary visual cortex was significantly reduced, and the plasticity of visual superiority changed
.
Under normal circumstances, the plasticity of visual dominance in mice reached its peak at day P28, and then gradually weakened
.
However, after specifically knocking out Cx30 on astrocytes, the above-mentioned plasticity reached its peak at day P50
.
In addition, the plasticity of visual superiority in normal mice increased after monocular deprivation, but after Cx30 was knocked out, the plasticity of visual superiority was weakened after monocular deprivation
.
The transplantation of normal mature astrocytes does not affect the plasticity of visual superiority, but mature astrocytes can also reopen the plasticity of visual superiority after Cx30 is knocked out
.
Previous studies have shown that the time course of the critical period of visual cortex development is determined by the maturity of the local inhibitory loop that controls the balance of excitatory inhibition (E/I)
.
They found that after knocking out Cx30, both spontaneous excitability and inhibitory postsynaptic current decreased, and the decrease of inhibitory postsynaptic current was more obvious
.
This indicates that astrocytes promote the inhibitory loop through Cx30 to regulate the time course of the critical period of development
.
In summary, this article reveals that astrocytes promote the maturation of inhibitory neural circuits through the Cx30 signaling pathway to regulate the critical period of visual development
.
[References] 1.
Astrocytes close the mouse critical period for visual plasticity The pictures in the article are all from the reference original download link: https://pan.
baidu.
com/s/1iI_oyTvvfx2quQ3Yaxf7cw Extract code: ytnr
.
In fact, two eyeballs are not so even when observing external objects.
Humans prefer to receive visual input from one eye.
This is called ocular dominance
.
This is similar to some people like to use the right hand, and some people like to use the left hand
.
About two-thirds of people have right-eye dominance, and the remaining one-third have left-eye dominance
.
The first week after birth is a critical period for the development of mice, during which a large number of synapses are formed and neural connections are widely established
.
Most of the abnormalities in this critical period of development are harmful and cause neurodevelopmental diseases
.
On July 9, 2021, the research team of Nathalie Rouach of the Paris University of Arts and Sciences revealed the key molecule Cx30 that astrocytes shut down the plasticity of visual development
.
The monocular deprivation experiment can cause the plasticity of visual superiority, and the remodeling of the optic nerve circuit prefers the side that is still open
.
The primary visual cortex has always been a classic model system for the study of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity
.
The researchers cultured immature astrocytes from the first day of life for ten days and transplanted them into the primary visual cortex of adult mice (3 months old)
.
They found that transplantation of immature astrocytes can enhance the plasticity of depriving the visual advantage of the unilateral eyeball.
The transplantation of adult astrocytes does not cause this change
.
It shows that these immature astrocytes can restart the visual advantage plasticity that has been closed
.
So what is the difference between immature and mature astrocytes? The difference in gene expression of astrocytes on the 7th day and the 30th day after birth was compared by single-cell sequencing technology, and it was found that the expression of the gene Gjb6, which encodes astrocyte gap junction channel subunit connexin 30 (Cx30), changed the most Significantly
.
Immunofluorescence revealed that Cx30 was enriched and expressed in the primary visual cortex
.
However, after 4 consecutive days of darkness in adult mice, the level of Cx30 protein in the primary visual cortex was significantly reduced, and the plasticity of visual superiority changed
.
Under normal circumstances, the plasticity of visual dominance in mice reached its peak at day P28, and then gradually weakened
.
However, after specifically knocking out Cx30 on astrocytes, the above-mentioned plasticity reached its peak at day P50
.
In addition, the plasticity of visual superiority in normal mice increased after monocular deprivation, but after Cx30 was knocked out, the plasticity of visual superiority was weakened after monocular deprivation
.
The transplantation of normal mature astrocytes does not affect the plasticity of visual superiority, but mature astrocytes can also reopen the plasticity of visual superiority after Cx30 is knocked out
.
Previous studies have shown that the time course of the critical period of visual cortex development is determined by the maturity of the local inhibitory loop that controls the balance of excitatory inhibition (E/I)
.
They found that after knocking out Cx30, both spontaneous excitability and inhibitory postsynaptic current decreased, and the decrease of inhibitory postsynaptic current was more obvious
.
This indicates that astrocytes promote the inhibitory loop through Cx30 to regulate the time course of the critical period of development
.
In summary, this article reveals that astrocytes promote the maturation of inhibitory neural circuits through the Cx30 signaling pathway to regulate the critical period of visual development
.
[References] 1.
Astrocytes close the mouse critical period for visual plasticity The pictures in the article are all from the reference original download link: https://pan.
baidu.
com/s/1iI_oyTvvfx2quQ3Yaxf7cw Extract code: ytnr
