-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
-
Cosmetic Ingredient
- Water Treatment Chemical
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
AuthorResponsible editor in NovemberEnzyme beauty adult mouse brain ventricular-subventricular zone (Ventricular-subventricular zone, V-SVZ) in the quiescent neural stem cells are activated to produce neurons and some glial cells [1]
.
However, the amount of glial production in the V-SVZ area is very low in adulthood, so whether there is a glial cell production area in the V-SVZ area is not yet known
.
To this end, the Fiona Doetsch research group of the University of Basel in Switzerland published a paper entitled Release of stem cells from quiescence reveals gliogenic domains in the adult mouse brain, and found that the V-SVZ in adult mice includes multiple glial cell producing regions.
In the steady state, the neural stem cells remain in a resting state, and will be activated to maintain the plasticity of the brain after a local injury
.
The V-SVZ brain area (Figure 1) extends along the lateral ventricle, adjacent to the striatum along the lateral wall, and adjacent to the septum along the septal wall
.
The V-SVZ area has been less researched for a long time, mainly because most of the neural stem cells in the V-SVZ area are in a static state
.
Both internal and external signals in this area play a key role in maintaining this resting state
.
Previously, in order to find the key regulatory factors that maintain the resting state of V-SVZ neural stem cells, the authors compared the transcription profiles of the resting state neural stem cells purified from the V-SVZ region and the activated neural stem cells, and found that they were in the resting state Neural stem cells are highly enriched in a tyrosine kinase receptor PDGFRβ (Platelet-derived growth factor beta) [2]
.
Furthermore, in order to characterize the expression of PDGFRβ in the V-SVZ region, the authors performed immunofluorescence staining of cell lineage markers
.
The authors found that adult neural stem cells are GFAP+ cells, and about 95% of GFAP+ V-SVZ neural stem cells express PDGFRβ (Figure 1)
.
After neural stem cells are activated, the expression of EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) will be significantly activated
.
Only about 50% of the activated neural stem cells express PDGFRβ.
At this time, the expression of EGFR is significantly increased, while the EGFR of PDGFRβ-expressing cells is maintained at a low level
.
In addition, there are some Olig2+ labeled oligodendrocytes and NeuN+ labeled neurons near the V-SVZ region, but the cells expressing PDGFRβ do not co-express these cell markers
.
Therefore, in the cell lineage of V-SVZ, PDGFRβ is only expressed in neural stem cells, and most of these neural stem cells are in a resting state
.
Figure 1 Distribution of V-SVZ brain regions and the distribution of PDGFRβ markers.
In order to study the molecular biology and functional characteristics of PDGFRβ+ neural stem cells, the authors constructed wild-type and PDGFRβ∆ mutant mice
.
The first and second immunoglobulin domains of the pdgfrb gene are deleted, and the domains mainly dominate the binding of PDGF ligand [3]
.
At the same time, the authors introduced the expression of tdTomato, which can use the expression of fluorescent protein to track cell fate
.
After deleting PDGFRβ, the authors found that the number of activated neural stem cells increased significantly, and the number of neural stem cells that could be labeled with Ki67 during the division phase also increased significantly (Figure 2)
.
This result indicates that PDGFRβ is expressed in neural stem cells in a resting state in the V-SVZ region of adult mice, and is down-regulated when neural stem cells are activated
.
Figure 2 Compared with wild-type PDGFRβ∆ mice, the number of activated neural stem cells was significantly increased.
As a result, the authors found that in adult PDGFRβ∆ mice, there are unknown glial cell types and several glial cell production areas.
Under normal steady state, neural stem cells in these areas proliferate less because they are in a resting state
.
The authors explored the cell types that appeared in PDGFRβ∆ mice and identified a new cell type called gorditas.
This type of cell has a round cell body and nucleus and can be labeled with GFAP+
.
The authors found that the resting glial cell production area and the gorditas cells in it can be recruited to respond to physiological needs
.
In addition, the authors also discovered an unknown PDGFRα+ cell type in the brain ventricle.
The authors call this cell type ventricular oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs).
Through cell lineage tracking, the authors found These OPCs cells are derived from GFAP+PDGFRβ+ cells
.
In general, this work found that the V-SVZ brain area in adult mice contains multiple glial cell production areas.
The neural stem cells in this area are in a resting state under steady state, and these areas are in response to local injury.
Neural stem cells in the brain will be activated and recruited in response to injury, thereby ensuring the plasticity of the brain
.
The research identified new and unknown glial cell types in the brain, further enriching the diversity of glial cells, and opening up prospects for understanding the role of neural stem cells and glial cells in health and disease
.
Original link: https://science.
sciencemag.
org/cgi/doi/10.
1126/science.
abg8467 Platemaker: 11 References 1 Chaker, Z.
, Codega, P.
& Doetsch, F.
A mosaic world: puzzles revealed by adult neural stem cell heterogeneity.
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews.
Developmental biology 5, 640-658, doi:10.
1002/wdev.
248 (2016).
2 Codega, P.
et al.
Prospective identification and purification of quiescent adult neural stem cells from their in vivo niche.
Neuron 82, 545-559, doi:10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2014.
02.
039 (2014).
3 Schmahl, J.
, Rizzolo, K.
& Soriano, P.
The PDGF signaling pathway controls multiple steroid-producing lineages.
Genes & development 22, 3255-3267, doi:10.
1101/gad.
1723908 (2008).
Reprinting instructions [Original Articles] BioArt original articles, personal sharing is welcome, reprinting is prohibited without permission, copyright of all published works All owned by BioArt
.
BioArt reserves all statutory rights and offenders must be investigated
.
.
However, the amount of glial production in the V-SVZ area is very low in adulthood, so whether there is a glial cell production area in the V-SVZ area is not yet known
.
To this end, the Fiona Doetsch research group of the University of Basel in Switzerland published a paper entitled Release of stem cells from quiescence reveals gliogenic domains in the adult mouse brain, and found that the V-SVZ in adult mice includes multiple glial cell producing regions.
In the steady state, the neural stem cells remain in a resting state, and will be activated to maintain the plasticity of the brain after a local injury
.
The V-SVZ brain area (Figure 1) extends along the lateral ventricle, adjacent to the striatum along the lateral wall, and adjacent to the septum along the septal wall
.
The V-SVZ area has been less researched for a long time, mainly because most of the neural stem cells in the V-SVZ area are in a static state
.
Both internal and external signals in this area play a key role in maintaining this resting state
.
Previously, in order to find the key regulatory factors that maintain the resting state of V-SVZ neural stem cells, the authors compared the transcription profiles of the resting state neural stem cells purified from the V-SVZ region and the activated neural stem cells, and found that they were in the resting state Neural stem cells are highly enriched in a tyrosine kinase receptor PDGFRβ (Platelet-derived growth factor beta) [2]
.
Furthermore, in order to characterize the expression of PDGFRβ in the V-SVZ region, the authors performed immunofluorescence staining of cell lineage markers
.
The authors found that adult neural stem cells are GFAP+ cells, and about 95% of GFAP+ V-SVZ neural stem cells express PDGFRβ (Figure 1)
.
After neural stem cells are activated, the expression of EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor) will be significantly activated
.
Only about 50% of the activated neural stem cells express PDGFRβ.
At this time, the expression of EGFR is significantly increased, while the EGFR of PDGFRβ-expressing cells is maintained at a low level
.
In addition, there are some Olig2+ labeled oligodendrocytes and NeuN+ labeled neurons near the V-SVZ region, but the cells expressing PDGFRβ do not co-express these cell markers
.
Therefore, in the cell lineage of V-SVZ, PDGFRβ is only expressed in neural stem cells, and most of these neural stem cells are in a resting state
.
Figure 1 Distribution of V-SVZ brain regions and the distribution of PDGFRβ markers.
In order to study the molecular biology and functional characteristics of PDGFRβ+ neural stem cells, the authors constructed wild-type and PDGFRβ∆ mutant mice
.
The first and second immunoglobulin domains of the pdgfrb gene are deleted, and the domains mainly dominate the binding of PDGF ligand [3]
.
At the same time, the authors introduced the expression of tdTomato, which can use the expression of fluorescent protein to track cell fate
.
After deleting PDGFRβ, the authors found that the number of activated neural stem cells increased significantly, and the number of neural stem cells that could be labeled with Ki67 during the division phase also increased significantly (Figure 2)
.
This result indicates that PDGFRβ is expressed in neural stem cells in a resting state in the V-SVZ region of adult mice, and is down-regulated when neural stem cells are activated
.
Figure 2 Compared with wild-type PDGFRβ∆ mice, the number of activated neural stem cells was significantly increased.
As a result, the authors found that in adult PDGFRβ∆ mice, there are unknown glial cell types and several glial cell production areas.
Under normal steady state, neural stem cells in these areas proliferate less because they are in a resting state
.
The authors explored the cell types that appeared in PDGFRβ∆ mice and identified a new cell type called gorditas.
This type of cell has a round cell body and nucleus and can be labeled with GFAP+
.
The authors found that the resting glial cell production area and the gorditas cells in it can be recruited to respond to physiological needs
.
In addition, the authors also discovered an unknown PDGFRα+ cell type in the brain ventricle.
The authors call this cell type ventricular oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs).
Through cell lineage tracking, the authors found These OPCs cells are derived from GFAP+PDGFRβ+ cells
.
In general, this work found that the V-SVZ brain area in adult mice contains multiple glial cell production areas.
The neural stem cells in this area are in a resting state under steady state, and these areas are in response to local injury.
Neural stem cells in the brain will be activated and recruited in response to injury, thereby ensuring the plasticity of the brain
.
The research identified new and unknown glial cell types in the brain, further enriching the diversity of glial cells, and opening up prospects for understanding the role of neural stem cells and glial cells in health and disease
.
Original link: https://science.
sciencemag.
org/cgi/doi/10.
1126/science.
abg8467 Platemaker: 11 References 1 Chaker, Z.
, Codega, P.
& Doetsch, F.
A mosaic world: puzzles revealed by adult neural stem cell heterogeneity.
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews.
Developmental biology 5, 640-658, doi:10.
1002/wdev.
248 (2016).
2 Codega, P.
et al.
Prospective identification and purification of quiescent adult neural stem cells from their in vivo niche.
Neuron 82, 545-559, doi:10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2014.
02.
039 (2014).
3 Schmahl, J.
, Rizzolo, K.
& Soriano, P.
The PDGF signaling pathway controls multiple steroid-producing lineages.
Genes & development 22, 3255-3267, doi:10.
1101/gad.
1723908 (2008).
Reprinting instructions [Original Articles] BioArt original articles, personal sharing is welcome, reprinting is prohibited without permission, copyright of all published works All owned by BioArt
.
BioArt reserves all statutory rights and offenders must be investigated
.
