"Science" supplemented with dietary fiber can strengthen your immune system and benefit cancer treatment

The researchers said that the study, led by the University of Texas and the National Institutes of Health, published in today’s "Science" magazine, is a great way to fight a variety of cancers, including melanoma, the deadliest skin cancer.
Promising progress
.

Nationally, melanoma is the fifth most common cancer
.

According to data from the American Cancer Society, there will be about 100,000 new cases of melanoma in the United States next year, and more than 7,000 of them are expected to die

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers.
It dies by metastasis or spread to other organs (such as liver, lung, and brain)
.

The focus of this new research is a treatment technique called immune checkpoint blockade, usually referred to by the initials of ICB, which revolutionized the treatment of melanoma and general cancer
.

ICB therapy relies on inhibitor drugs, which can block a protein called checkpoint produced by certain immune system cells (such as T cells) and certain cancer cells
.

Checkpoints help prevent an overly strong immune response, but sometimes it means preventing T cells from killing cancer cells
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Therefore, when the checkpoint is blocked, T cells can better kill cancer cells

Morgun said: "ICB has become a game changer in cancer treatment.
The influence of the gut microbiota on response to treatment has been confirmed in many studies.
In preclinical models, human cohort studies are also involved
.

A person's microbiota Affected by a variety of environmental factors, including food and drugs, human genes account for a much smaller proportion of the microbiota variation between people

The human gut microbiota is a complex community consisting of 10 trillion microbial cells of approximately 1,000 different bacterial species
.

Morgun said that it is unclear whether the intake of dietary fiber and the use of commercial probiotics will affect the immunotherapy response of cancer patients

Morgun and collaborators studied hundreds of melanoma patients and analyzed their gut microbiota, eating habits, probiotic use, disease characteristics, and treatment results
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Most patients are treated with ICB, which is usually a type called anti-programmed cell death protein therapy, abbreviated as anti-PD-1

Another similar study-tumor implantation in mice is also part of the study
.

In the human observation cohort portion of the study, higher dietary fiber intake was associated with no progression of disease in ICB patients; the most significant benefit appeared in those patients who consumed large amounts of dietary fiber without using probiotics
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The mouse model produced similar results
.

Morgun said: "We have found that the use of dietary fiber and probiotics can affect the gut microbiota, which is related to different ICB results
.

From the results of the human cohort study, we cannot determine the causality-possibly in these patients.

But Morgun said that the results of studies in mice support the view that the strongest anti-tumor immunity is a high-fiber diet and no probiotics
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To help understand the complexity of microbial communities, Morgun and Natalia Shulzhenko of the Carlson School of Veterinary Medicine at Oregon State University earlier invented a computer modeling technique called transkingdom network analysis
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The model used in this latest study integrates multiple types of "omics" data-metagenomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics, etc.
-to determine the relationship between specific types of gut microbes How does its interaction help or hinder the host’s biological functions
.

In this case, the interaction of microorganisms involves the host's response to immune checkpoint blockade

Morgun said that it is worth noting that the cross-border network analysis of mice shows that among the organisms with increased high-fiber diet, there is a family of bacteria, Ruminococcaceae; in the current research on humans and previous studies on humans.
The same bacteria were found
.

He said that double-blind, randomized dietary intervention studies are critical to determine whether targeted and achievable dietary changes at the beginning of ICB treatment can improve the patient’s prognosis
.

Morgun said: "Although these findings indicate that some commercially available probiotics may be harmful to ICB patients, more research is needed to determine which probiotics are actually beneficial
.

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Approximately 80 scientists participated in this research, funded by the National Institutes of Health and the US State Department
.

Christine N.

Spencer, Jennifer L.
McQuade, Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, John A.
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Cogdill, Md A.
Wadud Khan, Xiaotao Zhang, Michael G.
White, Christine B.
Peterson, Matthew C.
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Badger, Beth A.
Helmink, Miles C.
Andrews, Richard R.
Rodrigues, Andrey Morgun, Young S.
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Harris, Mohamed A.
Jamal, Erez N.
Baruch, Eva Perez-Guijarro, Chi-Ping Day, Glenn Merlino, Barbara Pazdrak, Brooke S.
Lochmann, Robert A.
Szczepaniak-Sloane, Reetakshi Arora, Jaime Anderson, Chrystia M.
Zobniw, Eliza Posada, Elizabeth Sirmans, Julie Simon, Lauren E.
Haydu, Elizabeth M.
Burton, Linghua Wang, Minghao Dang,Karen Clise-Dwyer, Sarah Schneider, Thomas Chapman, Nana-Ama AS Anang, Sheila Duncan, Joseph Toker, Jared C.
Malke, Isabella C.
Glitza, Rodabe N.
Amaria, Hussein A.
Tawbi, Adi Diab, Michael K.
Wong , Sapna P.
Patel, Scott E.
Woodman, Michael A.
Davies, Merrick I.
Ross, Jeffrey E.
Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.
Lee, Patrick Hwu, Vanessa Jensen, Yardena Samuels, Ravid Straussman, Nadim J.
Ajami, Kelly C .
Nelson, Luigi Nezi, Joseph F.
Petrosino, P.
Andrew Futreal, Alexander J.
Lazar, Jianhua Hu, Robert R.
Jenq, Michael T.
Tetzlaff, Yan Yan, Wendy S.
Garrett, Curtis Huttenhower, Padmanee Sharma, Stephanie S .
Watowich, James P.
Allison, Lorenzo Cohen, Giorgio Trinchieri, Carrie R.
Daniel, Jennifer A.
Wargo.
Hussein A.
Tawbi, Adi Diab, Michael K.
Wong, Sapna P.
Patel, Scott E.
Woodman, Michael A.
Davies, Merrick I.
Ross, Jeffrey E.
Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.
Lee, Patrick Hwu, Vanessa Jensen, Yardena Samuels, Ravid Straussman, Nadim J.
Ajami, Kelly C.
Nelson, Luigi Nezi, Joseph F.
Petrosino, P.
Andrew Futreal, Alexander J.
Lazar, Jianhua Hu, Robert R.
Jenq, Michael T.
Tetzlaff, Yan Yan, Wendy S.
Garrett, Curtis Huttenhower, Padmanee Sharma, Stephanie S.
Watowich, James P.
Allison, Lorenzo Cohen, Giorgio Trinchieri, Carrie R.
Daniel, Jennifer A.
Wargo.
Hussein A.
Tawbi, Adi Diab, Michael K.
Wong, Sapna P.
Patel, Scott E.
Woodman, Michael A.
Davies, Merrick I.
Ross, Jeffrey E.
Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.
Lee, Patrick Hwu, Vanessa Jensen, Yardena Samuels, Ravid Straussman, Nadim J.
Ajami, Kelly C.
Nelson, Luigi Nezi, Joseph F.
Petrosino, P.
Andrew Futreal, Alexander J.
Lazar, Jianhua Hu, Robert R.
Jenq, Michael T.
Tetzlaff, Yan Yan, Wendy S.
Garrett, Curtis Huttenhower, Padmanee Sharma, Stephanie S.
Watowich, James P.
Allison, Lorenzo Cohen, Giorgio Trinchieri, Carrie R.
Daniel, Jennifer A.
Wargo.
Alexander J.
Lazar, Jianhua Hu, Robert R.
Jenq, Michael T.
Tetzlaff, Yan Yan, Wendy S.
Garrett, Curtis Huttenhower, Padmanee Sharma, Stephanie S.
Watowich, James P.
Allison, Lorenzo Cohen, Giorgio Trinchieri, Carrie R .
Daniel, Jennifer A.
Wargo.
Alexander J.
Lazar, Jianhua Hu, Robert R.
Jenq, Michael T.
Tetzlaff, Yan Yan, Wendy S.
Garrett, Curtis Huttenhower, Padmanee Sharma, Stephanie S.
Watowich, James P.
Allison, Lorenzo Cohen, Giorgio Trinchieri, Carrie R .
Daniel, Jennifer A.
Wargo.
Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response .
Science , 2021; 374 (6575): 1632 DOI: 10.
1126/science.
aaz7015