Science: Neglected for decades, HIV is not only protective, but also indispensable for virus infection and replication.

AIDS (AIDS) is a highly harmful infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
hiv infection, the body's immune system will be severely damaged, triggering a variety of clinical symptoms.
even more frightening is the fact that, until now, AIDS has not been vaccinated or specially drug-resistant.
according to UNAIDS data, the number of people living with HIV and AIDS worldwide has increased from 34.3 million at the end of 2013 to 38 million at the end of 2018, and the number continues to grow year by year.
same time, the National Health and Health Commission pointed out that China adds about 80,000 new cases of AIDS each year, of which up to 3,000 are young students.
from this point of view, China and the world's AIDS epidemic situation is not optimistic, therefore, to explore the replication cycle of AIDS and to develop new treatment is very urgent and important.
recently, researchers at the University of Utah and the University of Virginia published a research paper in the journal Science, an international leading academic journal, entitled Reconstitution and visualization of HIV-1 capsid-dependent replication and integration in vitro.
this study fulfilled a decades-old dream of the first step in reconstructing HIV infection in-body.
In particular, researchers monitored the replication and integration of HIV genomes through cryoscopic mirrors and molecular model reconstructions, a advance that sheds new light on the early stages of the HIV life cycle and advances the development of drugs and therapeutic pathways.
in fact, despite the dangers of HIV, it looks simple - the virus is like a round ice cream egg roll, wrapped in an internal viral nucleic acid from an outer protein shell (Capsid).
, the scientific community generally believed that the main function of viral crusts was to protect internal fragile genetic material.
, however, the study now shows that HIV chelloprotein also plays an active role in the virus infection process.
in this study, the team simulated the first steps of reconstructing HIV infection through cellless system simulations to achieve precise control of HIV in a way that never before possible.
found that when they used genetic and bio-chemical methods to destabilize their shells, the HIV virus was unable to replicate its genetic material effectively.
it is worth mentioning that this is the first direct proof that HIV is not only a packaging structure, it is itself an important part of the HIV infection process.
The process of HIV-1 replication and integration on which the virus is dependent is being called "seeing the truth", and to enhance the persuasiveness of the findings, the researchers also directly observed hive shell proteins using cryo-ET and molecular model reconstruction techniques.
team visualized 240 tiny shell protein sub-basees that were put together to form a conical shell.
fact, in order to infect host cells, HIV had to reverse its single-stranded RNA genome into a double-stranded copy of DNA and integrate that copy into the host chromosome.
by electroscopy, the researchers found that HIV's virus casing remained largely intact throughout the reverse transcription replication process. Professor Wesley Sundquist of the University of Utah and co-author of the paper on the scanning of frozen electron faults and molecular model reconstruction of core particles during the replication of the
virus said: "This is not the same as the textbook, and the research data show that HIV virus shells play an active and indispensable role in supporting efficient reverse transcription.
In interestingly, Gilead has previously developed an AIDS drug, GS-CA1, which happens to target HIV's viral shell and performs well in Phase I clinical trials, but the exact workings have not been explained.
, the results of this study theoretically support the drug and promise to further improve the design of the drug. "This study not only perfects the basics of the HIV infection process, but also helps us find better ways to stop HIV in transcription and translation, which is why it's a great study!" said Pornillos, co-lead author of the paper on the effects of
shell inhibitor GS-CA1. "All in all, this study shows that HIV virus shell plays an active and indispensable role in the reverse transcription of the virus.
, the team believes that the entire virus core particle, including the clothing, is the real virus replication complex.
addition, the shell plays an important role in protecting the viral genome from innogeneic immune sensor surveillance, helping core particles pass through cytetonals, enter the nucleus, and enter integration points.
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