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This article is original by Translational Medicine.
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Tiffany Guide: The human brain is a very complex organ, and its content is much richer than we thought
.
Recently, scientists have discovered a new method of connecting the details of the brain's nerves.
Will this be a breakthrough in the field of brain nerves? The human brain is not as simple as it looks.
It contains many continuous activities.
Its 86 billion neurons send electrical signals from one area of the brain to another
.
These signals propagate along the white matter fibers, which is a maze of thread-like fibers that ultimately produce all brain functions
.
For a long time, discovering these wire-like pathways between neurons has been a big challenge for neuroscience
.
The existing methods for mapping this neural circuit at the cellular level are either limited to animal research or require highly specialized data acquisition and processing equipment
.
Recently, neuroscientists Professor Aviv Mezer and Dr.
Roey Schurr of the Edmond and Lily Safra Brain Science Center of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem developed a new method to map and visualize these nerve fibers
.
They used a technique that has existed for nearly 140 years, but has never been used to study the fiber structure of the white matter of the brain
.
They published this discovery in an article titled "The glial framework reveals white-matter fiber architecture in human and primate brains" in "Science" magazine: Scientists have been using purple Nissel staining for a long time.
The neuron itself, this staining method was invented by Franz Nissel, a German medical student, in the 1880s
.
It is used to dye neurons, completely changing our understanding of the cerebral cortex-the outer gray matter layer of the brain
.
However, the Hebrew University research team was the first to use Nisel-stained brain slices to reveal fiber pathways in white matter
.
The white matter of the brain is mainly composed of nerve fibers and a group of cells called glial
.
Until recently, these glial cells have been largely ignored and considered to be rather unimportant space fillers in the brain-in fact, their name "glia" comes from ancient Greece, which means "glue"
.
When Schurr joined Meze's laboratory as a doctoral student, he decided to look at some pictures of Nisel stained brain tissue
.
"I'm just curious," Schurr said.
"The textbooks are full of illustrations, but I want to know what the white matter of the brain looks like
.
" To Schurr's surprise, he noticed that the glial cells formed a short pattern.
.
In addition, the glial arrangement seems to be consistent with the local nerve fibers
.
"We did a thorough literature review and found that a 1992 paper had described this glial cell organization," Schurr said, "but this discovery has not received the attention it deserves in our field
.
"Other research took over, but recently Schurr returned to his unusual observations
.
The
researchers realized that by using simple computational tools in the field of image processing, they could use the patterns of cell organization to reveal the structure of white matter
.
Mezer The professor said: "I was surprised when we first applied this technique to Nissel stained sections of the brain
.
"In the Nissel stained image, the white matter has a faint uniform appearance
.
Using some calculation tools, a color map suddenly appeared, depicting the fine structure of the white matter fibers that have been hidden there
.
We immediately realized that it was a scientist.
We have been looking for an important part of the puzzle in white matter research
.
"This technique is called Nisel-ST ("Nisel-based structure tensor") by the researchers at the Hebrew University and can be applied The white matter in any brain slice that has undergone Nissel staining
.
Since Nissel staining is the most commonly used stain in brain science, many such stains can be found all over the world, including digital data sets and open source atlases for high-resolution staining of brain slices
.
Nisel-ST imaging: 1
.
Top left: Nisel-ST technology test results of a single slice taken from the human cerebral hemisphere
.
We can see the direction map of the nerve fiber (the direction is color-coded according to the semicircle on the right)
.
2.
Upper right: Enlarged view of the direction of nerve fibers in the corpus callosum of the white matter tract
.
3.
The first row: Nisser stained images at different positions along the channel
.
The stained glial lines are positioned differently at each location
.
4.
The following line: Our method picks up these directions to restore the underlying fiber direction.
Mezer concludes: "The application of Nissel-ST is useful for future studies of white matter in normal brain development, aging, and pathological states that affect white matter (such as neurodegeneration and neurodegeneration).
The role of schizophrenia) has great potential
.
"Reference: https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-10-elucidating-brain-white-method-reveals.
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Medical trends [News] The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2021 was announced, and the pain receptors won! Intestinal health [PNAS] research has discovered the "second brain" that exists in the intestine, and its glial will open up new ways to treat intestinal diseases! Tumor Research [Nature Sub-Journal] The use of single-cell multi-omics to study tumor cells is a new idea, the Harvard Medical School and other top-level teams have created a precedent! Tumor research [Science] protein may become a new breakthrough in cancer treatment! New Coronavirus [Science] The truth about the source of SARS-CoV-2? The coronavirus that is closest to the new coronavirus so far has been found in Lao bats, with a matching rate of 96.
8%! Coronavirus [The BMJ] In Israel, where the vaccination rate is 78%, why is the epidemic still out of control? Is there a need to worry about the effectiveness of the new crown vaccine? Is it necessary to strengthen the injection? Organoid Research [Nature Sub-Journal] A 3D pancreatic cancer tumor model cultivated by an international team of scientists including Shanghai Jiaotong University can effectively improve the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Tumor research [Science sub-Journal] Salt has the effect of inhibiting tumors ? Scientists explain unexpected discoveries for you through mouse experiments! Recommendation·Activity The 5th Symposium on Modern Clinical Molecular Diagnosis at the 3rd Shanghai International Cancer Conference
Please indicate the source for reprinting.
Author: Tiffany Guide: The human brain is a very complex organ, and its content is much richer than we thought
.
Recently, scientists have discovered a new method of connecting the details of the brain's nerves.
Will this be a breakthrough in the field of brain nerves? The human brain is not as simple as it looks.
It contains many continuous activities.
Its 86 billion neurons send electrical signals from one area of the brain to another
.
These signals propagate along the white matter fibers, which is a maze of thread-like fibers that ultimately produce all brain functions
.
For a long time, discovering these wire-like pathways between neurons has been a big challenge for neuroscience
.
The existing methods for mapping this neural circuit at the cellular level are either limited to animal research or require highly specialized data acquisition and processing equipment
.
Recently, neuroscientists Professor Aviv Mezer and Dr.
Roey Schurr of the Edmond and Lily Safra Brain Science Center of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem developed a new method to map and visualize these nerve fibers
.
They used a technique that has existed for nearly 140 years, but has never been used to study the fiber structure of the white matter of the brain
.
They published this discovery in an article titled "The glial framework reveals white-matter fiber architecture in human and primate brains" in "Science" magazine: Scientists have been using purple Nissel staining for a long time.
The neuron itself, this staining method was invented by Franz Nissel, a German medical student, in the 1880s
.
It is used to dye neurons, completely changing our understanding of the cerebral cortex-the outer gray matter layer of the brain
.
However, the Hebrew University research team was the first to use Nisel-stained brain slices to reveal fiber pathways in white matter
.
The white matter of the brain is mainly composed of nerve fibers and a group of cells called glial
.
Until recently, these glial cells have been largely ignored and considered to be rather unimportant space fillers in the brain-in fact, their name "glia" comes from ancient Greece, which means "glue"
.
When Schurr joined Meze's laboratory as a doctoral student, he decided to look at some pictures of Nisel stained brain tissue
.
"I'm just curious," Schurr said.
"The textbooks are full of illustrations, but I want to know what the white matter of the brain looks like
.
" To Schurr's surprise, he noticed that the glial cells formed a short pattern.
.
In addition, the glial arrangement seems to be consistent with the local nerve fibers
.
"We did a thorough literature review and found that a 1992 paper had described this glial cell organization," Schurr said, "but this discovery has not received the attention it deserves in our field
.
"Other research took over, but recently Schurr returned to his unusual observations
.
The
researchers realized that by using simple computational tools in the field of image processing, they could use the patterns of cell organization to reveal the structure of white matter
.
Mezer The professor said: "I was surprised when we first applied this technique to Nissel stained sections of the brain
.
"In the Nissel stained image, the white matter has a faint uniform appearance
.
Using some calculation tools, a color map suddenly appeared, depicting the fine structure of the white matter fibers that have been hidden there
.
We immediately realized that it was a scientist.
We have been looking for an important part of the puzzle in white matter research
.
"This technique is called Nisel-ST ("Nisel-based structure tensor") by the researchers at the Hebrew University and can be applied The white matter in any brain slice that has undergone Nissel staining
.
Since Nissel staining is the most commonly used stain in brain science, many such stains can be found all over the world, including digital data sets and open source atlases for high-resolution staining of brain slices
.
Nisel-ST imaging: 1
.
Top left: Nisel-ST technology test results of a single slice taken from the human cerebral hemisphere
.
We can see the direction map of the nerve fiber (the direction is color-coded according to the semicircle on the right)
.
2.
Upper right: Enlarged view of the direction of nerve fibers in the corpus callosum of the white matter tract
.
3.
The first row: Nisser stained images at different positions along the channel
.
The stained glial lines are positioned differently at each location
.
4.
The following line: Our method picks up these directions to restore the underlying fiber direction.
Mezer concludes: "The application of Nissel-ST is useful for future studies of white matter in normal brain development, aging, and pathological states that affect white matter (such as neurodegeneration and neurodegeneration).
The role of schizophrenia) has great potential
.
"Reference: https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-10-elucidating-brain-white-method-reveals.
html popular article diagnostic test [The Lancet ] Call for action! Nearly half of the world's people cannot get basic diagnosis for many common diseases.
Can the COVID-19 pandemic help change the diagnosis? Immunotherapy [Nature Sub-Journal] Lung epithelial cells control lung immunity? This will lay the foundation for the treatment of many lung diseases! Tumor Research 【Research】Be alert! Summarizing 30 years of big data: esophageal adenocarcinoma is showing a younger trend.
Medical trends [News] The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2021 was announced, and the pain receptors won! Intestinal health [PNAS] research has discovered the "second brain" that exists in the intestine, and its glial will open up new ways to treat intestinal diseases! Tumor Research [Nature Sub-Journal] The use of single-cell multi-omics to study tumor cells is a new idea, the Harvard Medical School and other top-level teams have created a precedent! Tumor research [Science] protein may become a new breakthrough in cancer treatment! New Coronavirus [Science] The truth about the source of SARS-CoV-2? The coronavirus that is closest to the new coronavirus so far has been found in Lao bats, with a matching rate of 96.
8%! Coronavirus [The BMJ] In Israel, where the vaccination rate is 78%, why is the epidemic still out of control? Is there a need to worry about the effectiveness of the new crown vaccine? Is it necessary to strengthen the injection? Organoid Research [Nature Sub-Journal] A 3D pancreatic cancer tumor model cultivated by an international team of scientists including Shanghai Jiaotong University can effectively improve the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Tumor research [Science sub-Journal] Salt has the effect of inhibiting tumors ? Scientists explain unexpected discoveries for you through mouse experiments! Recommendation·Activity The 5th Symposium on Modern Clinical Molecular Diagnosis at the 3rd Shanghai International Cancer Conference
