Science: Expert reviews! A great step forward has laid the foundation for the treatment and research of schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that infects 240 million people.
there is no vaccine, only one drug, which requires new therapeutic targets.
pathogenic factor schistosomiasis is an in-blood parasite that feeds on blood and spawning, leading to pathology.
little is known about the function of the various tissues of schistosomiasis, which hinders the identification of therapeutic targets.
, September 25, 2020, at Southwest Medical Center in Southwest, Texas, U.S. The Collins III team (George Wendt is the first author) published a research paper on Science Online entitled "A single-cell RNA-seq atlas of Schistosoma mansoni identifies a key regulator of blood feeding", which uses single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify 43,642 cells from adult schistosomiasis and identify 68 different cell groups, including those that maintain the parasite's digestive intestines.
these stem cells to express the hnf4 gene, which is necessary for intestinal maintenance, blood feeding and in vivo pathology.
data together provide molecular insight into the organ systems of this important pathogen and identify potential therapeutic targets.
, on September 25, 2020, the James J. Collins III team at Southwest Medical Center in Texas, USA, published a research paper on Science Online entitled "Large-scale RNAi screening screening targets in the parasite Schistosoma mansoni", which describes large-scale RNA interference (RNAi) screening in adult man's schistosomiasis, which screens 2216 genes.
the study identified 261 ideologic genes that affect neuromuscular function, tissue integrity, stem cell maintenance and parasite survival.
used the data to prioritize compounds with parasite-resistant activity and found a pair of protein kinases (TAO and STK25) that can work together to maintain transcription of muscle-specific messenger RNA.
loss of any of these kinases can lead to worm death.
these studies may help accelerate the development of treatment and facilitate the study of these neglected parasites.
, Timothy J. C. Anderson et al. published a review article in Science entitled "Transformative tools for parasitic flatworms", which systematically summarizes the results of both studies.
, especially in resource-poor countries, parasites infect more than 1 billion people.
parasitic infections can lead to anemia and stunting, hinder cognitive development in children, affect the development of immunity and allergic reactions, increase SUPs and develop AIDS, and lead to many obstructive diseases.
more than 200 million people worldwide each year, leading to widespread morbidity and more than 200,000 deaths.
to reduce schistosomiasis infections and pathology depends on the conventional targeting of pyridoxine (PZ) drugs developed 50 years ago.
, ketone therapy usually makes 30 percent of people resistant to schistosomiasis, and the drug is ineffective for larvae.
this puts reliance on monotherapy with ketones at risk and new interventions are needed to replace or use them in combination with ketones.
, using rodents and snail hosts makes it easy to maintain the entire life cycle of schistosomiasis in the lab, especially man's schistosomiasis.
Wang et al. and Wendt et al. used genomic information to develop two powerful methods for detecting schistosomiasis biology: large-scale RNA interference (RNAi) screening and single-cell gene expression maps, respectively.
authors not only demonstrated the feasibility of applying these methods to Man's schistosomiasis, but they also conducted extensive functional analyses to reveal the biological characteristics of schistosomiasis.
Wang et al. targeted the expression of about 2,320 schistosomiasis genes, 195 of which were critical for schistosomiasis attachment and 66 for stem cell maintenance.
identified many genes that are critical to adult survival and development.
although functional RNAi screening found a long list of essential genes, Wang et al. prioritized genes by examining lists of medicinal uses associated with existing compounds.
this allows experimental validation of proteins involved in ubibin protease systems (p97) and muscle development (TAO and STK25 kinases).
identified small molecule inhibitors with limited host toxicity from a molecular bank approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which provided the impetus for drug development.
encouraging is that the treatment of these small molecules leads to the death of schistosomiasis in the body.
Wendt et al. detailed the body structure and development of schistosomiasis by creating a single-celled map of schistosomiasis.
high resolution, with 68 cell populations mapped to almost all known tissues of schistosomiasis, and the spatial distribution of different cell linelogies is described using in-place hybridization methods and electron microscopes.
descriptive work has produced many tantalizing observations that will stimulate future functional and cellular biology analysis.
functional analysis shows that the hepatocellular nucleokine 4 (hnf4) gene plays a central role not only in intestinal development but also in feeding and spawning.
study shows that intestinal development is a key point of intervention that can lead to a reduction in the size and spawning of adult individuals, eliminating egg-induced schistosomiasis.
, these two efforts laid the foundation for the biological study of schistosomiasis and the treatment of schistosomiasis.
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