-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
-
Cosmetic Ingredient
- Water Treatment Chemical
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
Family members, eating less food can not only prolong the life of the wallet, but also prolong the life of the immune function! Recently, Vishwa Deep Dixit and his colleagues from Yale University in the United States, based on the data of CALERIE, the largest human calorie restriction cohort study to date, published blockbuster research results in "Science".
Add strength certificate [1]
.
After analyzing data from 218 healthy individuals with up to 2 years of follow-up, the researchers proposed that a 14% reduction in long-term caloric intake could rejuvenate the thymus, an important immune organ, and increase the thymus' ability to produce T cells, thereby improving the A phenomenon in which immune function declines with age
.
In addition, they also dug up a new anti-aging key factor-Pla2g7
.
The lack of Pla2g7 gene expression is similar to the effect of calorie restriction.
It can not only prolong the life of the thymus, but also effectively improve fat metabolism and age-related inflammation
.
Screenshot of the paper's homepage These days, a calorie-restricted diet and healthy longevity seem to be on the same page
.
Out of the instinctive pursuit of health and longevity, coupled with the basic survival needs of eating, people have never given up exploring the secrets of calorie restriction
.
Basic research on a large number of laboratory animals has shown that restricting the caloric intake of fruit flies, mice, nematodes, and even non-human primates, and controlling their caloric intake by 40% over the long term, can prolong the life of these animals under laboratory conditions.
healthy lifespan [1]
.
So, for us humans, how much health benefits can calorie restriction bring to a healthy lifespan, under the premise of ensuring safety? Scientists are also constantly trying to pursue the truth from human cohort studies, of which the CALERIE study is not only the first randomized controlled cohort study of calorie restriction, but also the largest relevant cohort study to date
.
The CALERIE study recruited 218 healthy individuals aged 21-50 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 22-28.
0 kg/m2
.
They were randomized 2:1 to a calorie-restricted group and a control group.
Participants in the control group ate and drank as usual, while those in the calorie-restricted group were required to reduce their daily caloric intake by 25% (≈40% reduction in caloric intake in laboratory animals).
2]
.
However, there was a little hiccups in this experiment - the participants really had a hard time keeping their mouths shut! In fact, participants in the calorie-restricted group had only a 14 percent reduction in caloric intake
.
Although there are some deviations from the assumption, scientists say that this is not in the way
.
Some analysis results based on CALERIE data show that, on the one hand, this caloric restriction of 8.
5 minutes of satiety does not affect the participants' mood, quality of life, sleep and sexual function and other health problems [3]; on the other hand, calorie restriction Significantly improved the health status of the participants, such as reducing fat, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing the level of cardiovascular disease risk markers [2-5]
.
Let’s just put it this way, the CALERIE cohort proved by accident that insisting on eating at 8.
5 points for 2 years can bring great benefits to healthy life expectancy, and there will be no problems with hunger
.
This time, scholars at Yale University decided to explore the value of CALERIE research again, and let the immune organ, the thymus, tell us what changes calorie restriction has brought to our body functions
.
You know, an important feature of human immune function decline is that the thymus loses the ability to generate a large number of T cells
.
However, with age, the thymus will age earlier than other organs, manifested as increased thymic lipid accumulation and decreased T cell production.
By the age of 50, about 80% of the thymus is replaced by adipose tissue [6]
.
Once the thymus "retires" and no longer produces a large number of new T cells, when new pathogens invade the body, the remaining T cells are helpless
.
This is why the elderly are said to be less resistant
.
After comparing the changes in thymus gland function between the two groups at baseline and at the second year of follow-up, the researchers found that calorie restriction could actually "rejuvenate" the thymus gland
.
Participants in the calorie-restricted group had significantly increased thymus volume; and both nascent CD4+ T cells and nascent CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in the absence of affected transcriptomes
.
In contrast to the participants in the control group, their thymus volume and function did not change significantly over the two-year period
.
In other words, calorie restriction can save T cell productivity and give immune function a big bite! Calorie restriction delays the retirement age of the thymus.
In addition, after identifying gene expression profiles in participants' abdominal adipose tissue, the researchers also found evidence that caloric restriction led to adipose tissue remodeling, and found that metabolic, innate immune And related genes in inflammatory pathways (Sparc, Plin5, Acvr1c, Pde3a, Nampt, Ppara, etc.
) were up-regulated or down-regulated
.
Among them, the Pla2g7 gene whose expression was significantly down-regulated due to caloric restriction attracted the attention of researchers
.
The protein PLA2G7 encoded by the Pla2g7 gene is secreted by macrophages, can degrade platelet activating factor, is a potent activator of inflammation, and is related to lipid metabolism
.
In clinical studies, higher levels of PLA2G7 in blood are associated with many metabolic and immune dysfunction diseases, such as stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, etc.
[7]
.
In this way, the PLA2G7 protein really appears at major crime scenes
.
So the researchers decided to further investigate the role of the PLA2G7 protein here
.
They knocked out the Pla2g7 gene in mice and compared them with wild-type mice
.
It was found that loss of Pla2g7 gene expression almost completely replicated the effects of caloric restriction
.
On the one hand, loss of Pla2g7 gene expression attenuated age-related inflammation in mice and improved their metabolic capacity, such as increased adipose tissue lipolysis, decreased hepatic steatosis, and decreased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines
.
Loss of Pla2g7 expression improves fat metabolism in mice On the other hand, Pla2g7 knockout ameliorated the degeneration of the thymus with age in mice
.
Compared with wild-type 24-month-old aged mice (≈70 years in humans), aged Pla2g7 knockout mice had larger thymus volume and higher abundance of T cells
.
Recovery of thymic function in aged mice with loss of Pla2g7 gene expression Overall, Dixit and his colleagues concluded, based on the largest human calorie restriction cohort study to date, that adherence to a 14% reduction in long-term caloric intake helped restore thymic function, Increases the size of the thymus and improves the ability of the thymus to produce T cells, thereby improving immune decline that occurs with age
.
Not only that, the researchers confirmed the role of the PLA2G7 gene in lipid metabolism and inflammation, and found in mice that the effect of Pla2g7 gene deletion was similar to the health benefits of calorie restriction
.
They believe that in the future, the Pla2g7 gene may be used as a clue to simulate caloric restriction, thereby improving human adipose tissue metabolism, reducing inflammatory responses, and reducing thymic lipoatrophy
.
Anyway, calorie restriction is really worth it! So, how many times do you have to say the benefits of calorie restriction on health and longevity to keep your mouth shut, instead of "next meal", "tomorrow", "start again next week"? ! (Here is the singularity cake rages on its own incompetence) References: [1]https://#[2]J.
Rochon, et al; CALERIE Study Group, Design and conduct of the CALERIE study: Comprehensive assessment of the long-term effects of reducing intake of energy.
J.
Gerontol.
A Biol.
Sci.
Med.
Sci.
66, 97–108 (2011).
[3]Martin CK, Bhapkar M, et al.
Effect of Calorie Restriction on Mood, Quality of Life, Sleep, and Sexual Function in Healthy Nonobese Adults The CALERIE 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Intern Med.
2016;176(6):743–752.
[4] Ravussin E, et al; CALERIE Study Group.
A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of Human Caloric Restriction: Feasibility and Effects on Predictors of Health Span and Longevity.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.
2015 Sep;70(9):1097 -104.
doi: 10.
1093/gerona/glv057.
[5]WE
Add strength certificate [1]
.
After analyzing data from 218 healthy individuals with up to 2 years of follow-up, the researchers proposed that a 14% reduction in long-term caloric intake could rejuvenate the thymus, an important immune organ, and increase the thymus' ability to produce T cells, thereby improving the A phenomenon in which immune function declines with age
.
In addition, they also dug up a new anti-aging key factor-Pla2g7
.
The lack of Pla2g7 gene expression is similar to the effect of calorie restriction.
It can not only prolong the life of the thymus, but also effectively improve fat metabolism and age-related inflammation
.
Screenshot of the paper's homepage These days, a calorie-restricted diet and healthy longevity seem to be on the same page
.
Out of the instinctive pursuit of health and longevity, coupled with the basic survival needs of eating, people have never given up exploring the secrets of calorie restriction
.
Basic research on a large number of laboratory animals has shown that restricting the caloric intake of fruit flies, mice, nematodes, and even non-human primates, and controlling their caloric intake by 40% over the long term, can prolong the life of these animals under laboratory conditions.
healthy lifespan [1]
.
So, for us humans, how much health benefits can calorie restriction bring to a healthy lifespan, under the premise of ensuring safety? Scientists are also constantly trying to pursue the truth from human cohort studies, of which the CALERIE study is not only the first randomized controlled cohort study of calorie restriction, but also the largest relevant cohort study to date
.
The CALERIE study recruited 218 healthy individuals aged 21-50 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 22-28.
0 kg/m2
.
They were randomized 2:1 to a calorie-restricted group and a control group.
Participants in the control group ate and drank as usual, while those in the calorie-restricted group were required to reduce their daily caloric intake by 25% (≈40% reduction in caloric intake in laboratory animals).
2]
.
However, there was a little hiccups in this experiment - the participants really had a hard time keeping their mouths shut! In fact, participants in the calorie-restricted group had only a 14 percent reduction in caloric intake
.
Although there are some deviations from the assumption, scientists say that this is not in the way
.
Some analysis results based on CALERIE data show that, on the one hand, this caloric restriction of 8.
5 minutes of satiety does not affect the participants' mood, quality of life, sleep and sexual function and other health problems [3]; on the other hand, calorie restriction Significantly improved the health status of the participants, such as reducing fat, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing the level of cardiovascular disease risk markers [2-5]
.
Let’s just put it this way, the CALERIE cohort proved by accident that insisting on eating at 8.
5 points for 2 years can bring great benefits to healthy life expectancy, and there will be no problems with hunger
.
This time, scholars at Yale University decided to explore the value of CALERIE research again, and let the immune organ, the thymus, tell us what changes calorie restriction has brought to our body functions
.
You know, an important feature of human immune function decline is that the thymus loses the ability to generate a large number of T cells
.
However, with age, the thymus will age earlier than other organs, manifested as increased thymic lipid accumulation and decreased T cell production.
By the age of 50, about 80% of the thymus is replaced by adipose tissue [6]
.
Once the thymus "retires" and no longer produces a large number of new T cells, when new pathogens invade the body, the remaining T cells are helpless
.
This is why the elderly are said to be less resistant
.
After comparing the changes in thymus gland function between the two groups at baseline and at the second year of follow-up, the researchers found that calorie restriction could actually "rejuvenate" the thymus gland
.
Participants in the calorie-restricted group had significantly increased thymus volume; and both nascent CD4+ T cells and nascent CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in the absence of affected transcriptomes
.
In contrast to the participants in the control group, their thymus volume and function did not change significantly over the two-year period
.
In other words, calorie restriction can save T cell productivity and give immune function a big bite! Calorie restriction delays the retirement age of the thymus.
In addition, after identifying gene expression profiles in participants' abdominal adipose tissue, the researchers also found evidence that caloric restriction led to adipose tissue remodeling, and found that metabolic, innate immune And related genes in inflammatory pathways (Sparc, Plin5, Acvr1c, Pde3a, Nampt, Ppara, etc.
) were up-regulated or down-regulated
.
Among them, the Pla2g7 gene whose expression was significantly down-regulated due to caloric restriction attracted the attention of researchers
.
The protein PLA2G7 encoded by the Pla2g7 gene is secreted by macrophages, can degrade platelet activating factor, is a potent activator of inflammation, and is related to lipid metabolism
.
In clinical studies, higher levels of PLA2G7 in blood are associated with many metabolic and immune dysfunction diseases, such as stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, etc.
[7]
.
In this way, the PLA2G7 protein really appears at major crime scenes
.
So the researchers decided to further investigate the role of the PLA2G7 protein here
.
They knocked out the Pla2g7 gene in mice and compared them with wild-type mice
.
It was found that loss of Pla2g7 gene expression almost completely replicated the effects of caloric restriction
.
On the one hand, loss of Pla2g7 gene expression attenuated age-related inflammation in mice and improved their metabolic capacity, such as increased adipose tissue lipolysis, decreased hepatic steatosis, and decreased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines
.
Loss of Pla2g7 expression improves fat metabolism in mice On the other hand, Pla2g7 knockout ameliorated the degeneration of the thymus with age in mice
.
Compared with wild-type 24-month-old aged mice (≈70 years in humans), aged Pla2g7 knockout mice had larger thymus volume and higher abundance of T cells
.
Recovery of thymic function in aged mice with loss of Pla2g7 gene expression Overall, Dixit and his colleagues concluded, based on the largest human calorie restriction cohort study to date, that adherence to a 14% reduction in long-term caloric intake helped restore thymic function, Increases the size of the thymus and improves the ability of the thymus to produce T cells, thereby improving immune decline that occurs with age
.
Not only that, the researchers confirmed the role of the PLA2G7 gene in lipid metabolism and inflammation, and found in mice that the effect of Pla2g7 gene deletion was similar to the health benefits of calorie restriction
.
They believe that in the future, the Pla2g7 gene may be used as a clue to simulate caloric restriction, thereby improving human adipose tissue metabolism, reducing inflammatory responses, and reducing thymic lipoatrophy
.
Anyway, calorie restriction is really worth it! So, how many times do you have to say the benefits of calorie restriction on health and longevity to keep your mouth shut, instead of "next meal", "tomorrow", "start again next week"? ! (Here is the singularity cake rages on its own incompetence) References: [1]https://#[2]J.
Rochon, et al; CALERIE Study Group, Design and conduct of the CALERIE study: Comprehensive assessment of the long-term effects of reducing intake of energy.
J.
Gerontol.
A Biol.
Sci.
Med.
Sci.
66, 97–108 (2011).
[3]Martin CK, Bhapkar M, et al.
Effect of Calorie Restriction on Mood, Quality of Life, Sleep, and Sexual Function in Healthy Nonobese Adults The CALERIE 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA Intern Med.
2016;176(6):743–752.
[4] Ravussin E, et al; CALERIE Study Group.
A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of Human Caloric Restriction: Feasibility and Effects on Predictors of Health Span and Longevity.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.
2015 Sep;70(9):1097 -104.
doi: 10.
1093/gerona/glv057.
[5]WE
