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In the past decade, scientists have applied the microbial CRISPR system to gene editing technology, a precise and programmable system for modifying DNA
These ancient DNA-cutting enzymes are guided to their targets by small pieces of RNA
The research was led by McGovern researcher Feng Zhang, who is the James and Patricia Poitras Professor of Neuroscience at MIT, a researcher at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and a core researcher at the Broad Institute
He said: "We are super excited about the discovery of these widespread programmable enzymes, which have been hidden under our noses
Natural adaptation
Programmable enzymes, especially those that use RNA guidance, can be quickly adapted to different uses
The first clue that the OMEGA protein may be controlled by RNA comes from a protein gene called iscb
The team’s experiments showed that the other two types of small proteins, IsrBs and TnpBs, are also one of the most abundant genes in bacteria, and also use ω rna to guide DNA division
IscB, IsrB and TnpB are found in mobile genetic elements called transposons
It is unclear how bacteria benefited from this genomic reorganization, or whether they benefited from it
IscBs and TnpBs seem to be the precursors of the Cas9 and Cas12 CRISPR systems
Altae-Tran said: "A lot of the things we have been thinking about may already exist naturally with a certain ability
The team is also interested in further tracing the evolution of the RNA guidance system
