Safe and scientific use of pesticides

Safe use of pesticides 1.
The use of pesticides in a safe, scientific and reasonable manner is to achieve the best control effect with the least amount of pesticides on the premise of ensuring safety to humans, animals, and the environment, so as to obtain the greatest economic benefits
.
The safe, scientific and reasonable use of pesticides is an effective way to improve the utilization rate of pesticides and the prevention and control effects of diseases, pests and weeds, and to reduce the negative effects of pesticides
.
In 2003, the European Union included 322 pesticides in the banned range, including those that are mass-produced and used in China: dimethoate, phoxim, triazophos, etc.
, with a total of 64 varieties; Japan has re-drawn pesticide residue testing for imported vegetables For the target, the number of pesticides required to be inspected has increased from about 20 to 100, and the standard for pesticide residue requirements has been increased by 10 times.
The residue limit value of many products is 0.
1mg/kg (equivalent to instrument detection sensitivity)
.
#Cultivation technology exchange# 2.
The varieties that have the greatest impact on the world and have the highest consensus are the varieties listed in the two world conventions, namely the PIC Convention and the POPS Convention
.
The so-called PIC Convention is the abbreviation of "Adopting Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade"
.
The convention was jointly initiated by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Food and Agriculture Organization, with representatives from more than 150 countries and localities participating.
After five rounds of negotiations, it was signed in Rotterdam, the Netherlands in September 1998, so it is also referred to as the "Rotterdam Convention".
When 50 countries ratify it, the convention will enter into force immediately
.
Its provisions mainly concern the obligations and export procedures of importers and exporters of toxic chemicals and pesticides.
After the PIC Convention takes effect, pesticides included in the PIC list must be notified to the importing country before exporting, and can be exported after obtaining the consent of the importing country
.
There are currently 22 pesticide varieties listed on the PIC list
.
3.
The list of species involved Aldrin, Lexa, Diclosan, Chlordane, Diflubenzuron, Dicofol, DDT (DDT), Dieldrin, Dilofen, Danoxa, Dinitroxan Base-o-cresols and their salts, 1,2-dichloroethane, ethylene dichloride, ethylene oxide, fluoroacetamide, hexahexahexa, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, mercury preparations , Pentachlorophenol, 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-T), Antitoxin, Octachloro camphene, containing benomyl>7%, carbofuran>10% and thiram>15% Powdered powder preparations, methamidophos, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, parathion, ammonium phosphate, asbestos, crocidolite, actinolite, amphibole, amosite, tremolite, polybrominated biphenyls, Polychlorinated biphenyls, triphosphates, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate 4, POPS Convention’s legally binding international instrument" was invited by the United Nations Environment Programme to invite the International Programme for Chemical Safety Other relevant international organizations are working together to formulate an action plan, aiming to formulate a convention on the global destruction, prohibition and restriction of 12 POPS products included in the tentative list before 2000, and gradually expand POPS after the convention enters into force.
Restricted control list
.
Among the 12 tentative POBs, 9 are pesticides: DDT, mirex, chlordane, toxaphene, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and other 9 pesticides Product
.
The species listed on the list shall be destroyed
.
The so-called POPS Convention refers to the "Restriction of Certain Persistent Organic Pollutants.
5.
List of pesticides (33 species) prohibited from production, sale and use in China) of BHC, DDT, Toxaphene, Dibromochloropropane, and Insectamidine, Dibromoethane, herbicide, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations, arsenic, lead, dichlorhydrin, fluoroacetamide, glycol fluoride, tetramine, sodium fluoroacetate, tetramine, methamidophos , Parathion-methyl, Parathion, Monocrotophos, Phosphosamine, Fenamiphos, Methophos, Methylthion, Calcium phosphide, Magnesium phosphide, Zinc phosphide, Thionophos, fly Toxic phosphorus, treatment of moth phosphorus, terbuthion
.
Note: 1.
10 kinds of fenamiphos, methiophos, methyl thiocyclic phos, calcium phosphide, magnesium phosphide, zinc phosphide, thiomethionine, coumaphos, pyraphos, terbuthion, etc.
Production of pesticides ceased on October 31, 2011, and sales and use ceased on October 31, 2013
.
2.
Before October 31, 2013, the use of fenamiphos, methiophos, methyl thiophos, thionphos, cymaphos, pyrophos, and terbuthion on vegetables, fruit trees, tea, and Chinese herbal medicines are prohibited before October 31, 2013.

.
The use of terbuthion on sugarcane is prohibited
.
The list of pesticides (17 types) that are not allowed or restricted on vegetables, fruit trees, tea, and Chinese herbal medicines in China is banned for phorate, isofenphos methyl, systemic phosphorus, carbofuran, aldicarb, methafen, Cyclophos and chlorazophos are used in vegetables, fruit trees, tea and Chinese herbal medicine
.
6.
Dimethoate is forbidden to be used on cabbage and citrus trees; dicofol and fenvalerate are forbidden to be used on tea trees; butyryl hydrazide (bijiu) is forbidden to be used on peanuts; hydrocarbophos is forbidden to be used on citrus trees; It is forbidden to use methomyl on citrus trees, apple trees, tea trees and cruciferous vegetables; endosulfan is forbidden to be used on apple trees and tea trees; methyl bromide is forbidden to be used on strawberries and cucumbers; except for sanitary, corn and other dry field seed packs Except for the coating agent, the use of fipronil in other areas is prohibited
.
According to the "Pesticide Management Regulations", any pesticide product shall not be used beyond the scope of use approved for pesticide registration
.
The consequences of unreasonable use of pesticides have resulted in human and animal production poisoning, excessive pesticide residues, hindered export and export, and harm to consumers.
Agricultural crops have serious environmental pollution and increased resistance to pesticides from harmful organisms
.
Principles of scientific drug use 1.
Choose the right pesticides.
When diseases, insects, weeds, and rodents appear in the field, the diagnosis must be made based on their characteristics and symptoms of harm
.
It is necessary to identify the types of diseases and insect pests, choose the right pesticides, use the medicines rationally, and prescribe the right medicines to prevent the wrong use of pesticides due to misdiagnosis, which will delay the control period and increase the amount of pesticide residues on the crops
.
2.
Choose the best application time.
Different crops or different varieties of a crop have different sensitivity to pesticides.
If a certain pesticide is applied to sensitive crops or varieties, phytotoxicity will occur
.
After selecting the control agent, it is necessary to grasp the best control period according to the growth period of the crop and the occurrence degree of pests and diseases, and make scientific preparation in strict accordance with the use concentration indicated on the pesticide package.

.
3Choose the best application dosage, and calculate the dosage and application liquid amount according to the pesticide dosage recommended by the pesticide label or the recommendation of plant protection technicians
.
Too large a dose when spraying pesticides is likely to cause phytotoxicity; too small a dose can not achieve the control effect
.
To achieve scientific and rational use of pesticides, the best dosage must be selected
.
4.
Choose an appropriate application method.
There are many pesticide formulations, and their application methods are also different
.
In production, appropriate application methods must be selected according to the hazard characteristics and distribution of pests and pesticide product labels or instructions, otherwise it will be difficult to control pests
.
For the prevention and control of soil-borne pathogens, germinating weed seeds, and underground pests, methods such as chemical treatment of the soil and ditching and spreading should be used for better results; and for the prevention and control of pests that are harmful to plants, spraying or dusting should be used ; To prevent and control seed-borne diseases, the treatment effect is better by using medicament soaking or seed dressing
.
Pesticide granules are made according to agronomic requirements to help exert their efficacy and prevent poisoning of humans and animals, so they are not suitable for spraying
.
5, choose the good performance of spraying equipment, spraying equipment should be selected considering the control object, control sites, crop types and growth, pesticide formulations, control methods, prevention of scale and so on
.
If spraying pesticides in a small area, you should choose a manual sprayer; spraying pesticides in a large area should use a motorized sprayer; spraying herbicides and growth regulators should use fan-shaped spray nozzles or lasing spray nozzles; spraying pesticides and fungicides should use hollow cone spray nozzles Or fan-shaped spray nozzle; after the application operation, the equipment should be carefully cleaned and maintained
.
6.
Alternate use of pesticides and alternate use of pesticides.
If a single pesticide is used for a long period of time, it is easy to make pests and diseases resistant.
In order to improve the control effect, farmers will inevitably increase the amount of pesticides used.
As a result, the amount of pesticide residues in crops will increase.
Conducive to the production of pollution-free agricultural products
.
Therefore, alternate rotation or compound medication is an effective way to delay the development of insect resistance and improve the control effect
.
7.
Reasonable mixing of pesticides.
Proper mixing of pesticides can increase the efficacy and wide use range, simultaneously treat a variety of pests, reduce the amount of pesticides, improve the efficacy, reduce toxicity, and slow down the resistance of pests to pesticides, etc.

.
Inappropriate blending of pesticides can easily cause crop phytotoxicity, affect yield and quality, and increase cost input
.
Mixing principles: 1.
Complementary advantages to enhance efficacy; 2.
Avoid antagonism; 3.
Mixing single agents should not exceed 3 types; 4.
Preparing for current use 8.
Strictly control the safety production interval, which refers to agricultural products The shortest time between the last use of the pesticide and the harvest to the market
.
During this period, most of the toxic substances of pesticides will gradually degrade due to factors such as photosynthesis, and the pesticide residues will reach safety standards and will not cause harm to human health
.
The length of the safety interval should be determined by the type, concentration, application method, climatic conditions and crop varieties of the pesticide.
Different types of pesticides have different safety intervals
.
Summary: 1.
With the improvement of people's living standards, people's requirements for food have changed from "quantity type" to "quality type"; people are not only satisfied with the problem of food and clothing, but also start to become more and more concerned about the quality of the environment on which they live.
More attention; more and more attention to food safety
.
This is also a prerequisite for the development trend of pesticide application technology in China
.
2.
Pesticide application technology has three components: pesticides, pesticide equipment, and pesticide application methods
.
These three complement each other to form a complete pesticide application technology system, and none of them are indispensable
.
3.
Plant-derived pesticides, microbial pesticides, and new-type pesticides compatible with the environment will be the main trends in the development of pesticides in China
.
4.
New types of medicine equipment, application technology and application methods will be vigorously developed
.
The development trend will be towards the direction of "precision, high efficiency, low pollution" and "comprehensive prevention and sustainable prevention"
.
5.
With the participation of government organizations and enterprises at all levels, farmers can receive free pesticide application technology training, so that farmers understand that pesticide application technology will become a reality
.
That's it for today's introduction.
This article is for reference only.
Thank you for your reading and support
.