Review in 2019: review of sleep research progress

December 27, 2019 / BIOON / - about a third of a person's life is spent sleeping Sleep can help our brain and body get rest, rest and recovery Proper sleep can also help improve our work and learning efficiency Although we need sleep every day, do we really understand sleep? Why do you sleep? How does sleep help us? None of these questions has been perfectly explained Therefore, in this article, the editor reviewed the research progress of sleep in 2019 to help you understand the secret of sleep in depth! 【1】 Nat commun: a new study found that the genetic mechanism of sleep deprivation doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09576-1 A study published in the journal Nature communications found a link between sleep quality and genetic background The study looked at data from 85670 participants from the British biological bank and 5819 individuals from three other studies that used accelerometer wrist wear devices (similar to Fitbit) to continuously record activity levels They wore accelerometers for seven days in a row to provide more detailed sleep data than previous studies, which relied on people accurately reporting their sleep habits The team found that an unusual variant of a gene called PDE11A affects not only the amount of sleep volunteers get, but also the quality of their sleep The gene has previously been identified as a potential drug target for people with neuropsychiatric disorders related to emotional stability and social behavior The study also found that in people with the same hip circumference, the larger the waist circumference, the shorter the sleep time, but the effect is very small - people with an average hip circumference of about 100cm reduce the waist circumference by about 4 seconds every 1cm In addition, the authors found that the genetic regions associated with sleep quality are also related to serotonin production 【2】 Nature: great progress! To reveal the molecular mechanism of oxidative stress leading to sleep doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1034-5 in a study, researchers from Oxford University in the UK found out how oxidative stress leads to sleep Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the causes of our aging and degenerative diseases This discovery gives us a deeper understanding of the mysterious functions of sleep and provides new hope for the treatment of sleep disorders It may also explain why chronic sleep deprivation shortens life Gero miesenb, co-author and director of the center for neural circuits and behavior at Oxford University? Professor CK said, "it's not by chance that oxygen tanks bear an explosion hazard label: uncontrolled combustion is dangerous Animals, including humans, face a similar risk of using the oxygen they breathe to turn food into energy: incomplete combustion causes' oxidative stress' in cells This is believed to be the cause of aging and the cause of degenerative diseases that plague our later years Our new research shows that oxidative stress also activates neurons that control whether we go to sleep "Image source: www.pixabay.com [3] J Neurosci: brain cells found to be active in both sleeping and waking mice doi: 10.1523/juniursci.0305-19.2019 researchers mapped the activity map of single neurons in the deep brain of male and female mice while sleeping and exploring new things This study suggests that some cells may promote memory formation Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons are active during REM sleep, which is the stage of dreaming in the sleep process - perhaps also the stage of memory consolidation Carlos Blanco, priyattam shiromani and colleagues from the Medical University of South Carolina and Yale University School of Medicine reported that 70% of MCH neurons that were strongly activated during REM sleep also became active when mice explored interesting objects such as binders or caps By recording the activity of pairs of MCH neurons, the researchers revealed a pattern of single cell activity that can be used to compare the function of the network in different health and disease states 【4】 Jins: want to improve working memory? It's important to have a good sleep and mood! Doi: 10.1017/s1355617719000183 in a research report, scientists from the University of California found that working memory may be closely related to three health-related factors, including sleep, age and emotional depression, each of which is related to different aspects of working memory In the study, researchers found a negative correlation between age and the qualitative aspect of working memory - that is, how strong or accurate memory is - in other words, the older a person is, the weaker and less accurate his memory is; in contrast, poor sleep quality and emotional depression are also less likely to remember the time he has experienced before Directly related, this is the quantitative aspect of working memory 【5】 Not to be underestimated! Just 16 minutes of sleep will affect the next day's work attention! Doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.01.007 have you recently made a wrong decision due to a daytime nap? This may not be about your work, but it's about sleep, but it's not entirely your fault Many researchers are studying many aspects of health and aging of the body Recent studies have shown that poor sleep may affect the judgment of the body, resulting in work errors and distraction Putting sleep first may improve our recognition in work Ability to know The researchers found that in the days with shorter and worse sleep quality than usual, the staff reported more cognitive interference In the participants, sleep less than usual for 16 minutes was related to another point on the personal cognitive interference scale the next day 【6】 Expert physical: sleep deprivation can affect the function of microRNA in the body and damage cardiovascular health! Doi: 10.1113/ep087469 in recent years, a large number of studies have shown that people who lack sleep suffer from stroke And a higher risk of heart attack; in a study, scientists from the University of Colorado found that individuals who sleep less than seven hours a night have lower levels of three physiological regulators in their blood, which can affect gene expression and play a key role in maintaining vascular health In another study, the researchers found that adult men who slept six hours a night had abnormal endothelial cell function, and their arteries were not able to expand and contract normally as those who slept enough, but they did not know the mechanism of inducing such abnormal back MicroRNAs are small molecules that can inhibit the expression of specific protein genes in cells Now researchers have conducted a lot of research to clarify the function of microRNAs in the cardiovascular system and its impact on the cardiovascular health of the body Moreover, researchers are also developing treatments for a series of diseases, including cancer, so as to correct the damaged microRNA markers in the body of patients 【7】 Poor sleep quality or related to inadequate intake of nutrients p06-103-19 - Analysis of NHANES 2005-2016 data presented significant association between micro and macronutrient intake and variable sleep variables Many Americans sleep less than the recommended amount of sleep, and many do not take the recommended amount of important vitamins and minerals Recent studies have shown that sleep may be related to the intake of nutrients The study is based on data from the national health and Nutrition Survey Program (NHANES), a nationally representative data set for adults in the United States Compared with people who sleep more than seven hours a night (CDC in the United States), people who sleep less than seven hours a night on average consume lower levels of vitamin A, D and B1, and lower levels of magnesium, niacin, calcium, zinc and phosphorus, the researchers noted Compared with men, the poor sleep quality of women is related to the intake of nutrients If women take dietary supplements, the number will be reduced, which shows that dietary supplements can help fill the gap in a person's diet that does not provide necessary nutrients Photo source: the conversation [8] JACC: data of 500000 people: too much or too little sleep will increase the risk of heart attack! Doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.07.022 a new study conducted by the University of Colorado at Boulder on nearly 500000 people shows that even if you don't smoke and exercise regularly, there is no genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease, and insufficient or excessive sleep will increase your risk of heart disease In the study, researchers analyzed genetic information, self-reported sleep habits and medical records of 461000 biobank participants aged 40 to 69 who had never had a heart attack, and then followed them for seven years People who slept less than six hours a night were 20 percent more likely to have a heart attack during the study period than those who slept six to nine hours a night Those who slept more than nine hours were 34 percent more likely When researchers studied only people with a genetic predisposition to heart disease, they found that sleeping six to nine hours a night reduced the risk of a heart attack by 18% 【9】 Neuron: a major breakthrough! After 10 years of research, scientists finally identified the second "natural short sleep" gene doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.026 After 10 years of research, scientists from the University of California finally identified the second key gene to promote "natural short-term sleep" Before that, researchers found the first gene to promote "natural short-term sleep" Natural short-term sleep, that is, an individual's sleep time is only 4-6 hours per night for a lifetime, but his body still has enough rest In this study, the researchers found a family including three generations of inborn short sleepers who did not carry Dec2 gene mutations in their bodies Then, the researchers used gene sequencing and linkage analysis methods to analyze the genome of the individual family These technologies can help the researchers find the specific mutations related to specific characteristics in the chromosome The researchers identified single base mutations in the adrb1 gene, which, like the Dec2 mutation, are directly related to inborn short sleep 【10】 Sleep Med: sleep is also affected by gender, region and age? Doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.07.024 according to a global and extensive study on sleep, the author found that people's sleep time will vary with age, geographical area and gender By region, people in Europe and North America sleep the longest, while Asian countries sleep the shortest People in the Middle East sleep the latest, and the first to rest are people living in Oceania According to gender, young women sleep more than young men, and the former sleep earlier 【11】 Cell: can adjusting the brain's sleep swings help with learning? Doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.040 UCSF study