Restricting factors and development strategy of agricultural information technology in China

Introduction: 9j5 agricultural information technology is a new interdisciplinary science with strong comprehensiveness, which is closely related to the development of many other disciplines and complements each other At present, the application of information technology in China's agriculture is still in its infancy We have developed or introduced some products and tried to promote them locally But generally speaking, agricultural information technology is still developing in our country At present, there are still some constraints in the ideological understanding, support research, technical measures and promotion mechanism
The current situation of agricultural information technology in China agricultural information technology refers to the collection, storage, transmission, processing, analysis and utilization of natural, economic and social information in the process of agricultural production, management and strategic decision-making, mainly including agricultural database, management information system, decision support system, expert system, simulation model system, computer network, geography Information system, remote sensing system, global positioning system, remote communication, etc [5] Each of these systems has its own technical focus, but there is no absolute boundary between them At present, agricultural information database, expert system, crop growth simulation model and some integrated systems are widely used in China's agriculture 1.1 agricultural information database information is a kind of special resources and wealth In the field of agriculture, the amount of information is large, wide and scattered The establishment of corresponding database is an important means to develop and utilize information resources China's agricultural database construction has developed rapidly At present, more than 200 databases have been built, including databases of germplasm resources, poultry varieties, agricultural product prices, rural economy, etc., with retrieval, query, analysis and comparison functions 1.2 expert system expert system is a software that focuses on the development and utilization of expert knowledge and experience in a specific field It can complete the consulting work equivalent to the level of experts and provide suggestions and decisions for users The research of agricultural expert system in China started in the early 1980s, and has made great progress in just over 20 years Some expert systems of different crops have been developed, which have formed certain characteristics in China In particular, some agricultural information technology personnel take the expert system from the laboratory to the front line of production to serve agriculture, which not only brings new technology to agricultural producers, but also effectively promotes the research of agricultural knowledge engineering
1.3 crop growth simulation system the crop growth simulation system, from the viewpoint of system science, regards crop production as a whole system composed of four elements: crop, environment, technology and economy, and integrates the theories and achievements of crop physiology, ecology, cultivation, agrometeorology, soil and fertilizer, plant protection, agricultural economics and computer science, A mathematical model is established to describe the quantitative relationship between the physiological and ecological processes such as crop growth and development, organ formation and yield formation and the environment, and it is realized on a computer to simulate the software system of the whole process of crop production It is the crystallization of agricultural multi-disciplinary basic research It combines agricultural science and computer technology closely, and quantitatively and systematically describes the relationship between crop growth and development and its interaction with agricultural environment So agricultural scientists even call crop growth model "the main tool to bring agriculture into the information age" Although the research on crop growth simulation started late in China, it developed rapidly Some basic researches have been carried out, and some application systems have been established in combination with the actual situation, which can be popularized and applied in production, and help leaders to make decisions and users to make model diagrams For example, on the basis of large-scale rice ecological experiment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences established rice computer simulation model (RICEMOD) in 1980s, combined crop simulation technology with optimization principle of rice cultivation in 1992, established rice computer simulation optimization and decision system (RCSODS), users input perennial climate data and rice variety genetic parameters, which can make perennial rice According to the current seedling situation and future weather forecast, we can put forward fertilizer, water and other management measures and countermeasures The system has been popularized in the whole country
On the one hand, some people think that agricultural information technology is a high-tech product, which can predict the growth of crops without inputting data and conducting scientific experiments On the other hand, some people think that agricultural information technology is now in production It is too early to popularize and apply, so it is not necessary to carry out the research of agricultural information technology Second, there is a lack of support research on agricultural information technology, including the quantitative impact of some crop physiological processes and Agronomic Measures on crop growth, especially the impact of some new regulatory measures such as biochemical agents and herbicides on crop growth Third, the channel of information sharing is not smooth, including the low efficiency of data collection, transmission and utilization Fourth, the application research lacks vitality and innovation, and the research results of large-scale promotion and application are few The development strategy of China's agricultural information technology should be based on China's national conditions, absorb foreign research results, and focus on the following problems with the goal of science, innovation and practicality
3.1 the renewal of thinking and understanding of agricultural information technology is a tool and means to study crop production As soon as it appears, it shows strong vitality, attracts a large number of agricultural scientists, and develops many valuable products However, because the product adopts a form of software, and the technology lacks certain transparency, there is a scientific way to judge agricultural information technology products Because of the difficulties, the "high and new information technology products" are everywhere, but where is "high"? Where is "new"? But not in production What kind of product is a good one? Good agricultural information technology products are the enrichment and deepening of agricultural scientific knowledge, and must follow some basic principles of agricultural science One is practicality Practice is the only standard to test truth What is the orientation of agricultural information technology products? We should see whether we can play a role in production, whether we can guide agricultural production and solve practical problems in agricultural production Practicability is the key to check whether the product has vitality Good products are tested in the market and screened by the market At present, there are many flash points in the introduction of many product materials, but they are rarely found in the production At least, it shows that there is no market commonness in practice Agricultural information technology products are based on many Agricultural Sciences, such as crop physiology, crop ecology, crop cultivation, agrometeorology, soil science, etc., and there is no With the development of agricultural science, it is impossible to make progress in agricultural information technology Therefore, the decision-making of agricultural information technology products must be consistent with the basic theories of other disciplines, with certain advance and prediction, but it must be reasonable Third, friendliness Agricultural information technology products must be easy to operate, use and learn The output of the results is intuitive, visual and easy to understand, which is an important factor for everyone to accept the products Using these principles to objectively judge agricultural information technology products can accurately locate the value of an agricultural information technology product and avoid one-sided evaluation of information technology products 3.2 strengthening research support is the cornerstone of building agricultural information technology building Before designing a software, the mechanism of the research object must be quite clear at a certain research level, otherwise, it is not suitable to start designing the software immediately, but should first carry out relevant support research At present, at the application level, some physiological activities of crops, such as photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration, have been studied clearly, and the effects of some traditional agricultural measures, such as fertilizer and water operation, on the physiological activities and yield structure of crops have also been clarified There are many researches on the physiological activities of some conventional crops, such as rice, wheat, cotton, etc., while for some economic crops, especially In the adjustment of agricultural structure, there are less researches on new crops, less researches on the influence of some new management measures, new cultivation techniques and new planting patterns on crops, more qualitative and quantitative support researches, so it is necessary to strengthen the support researches in this field The first is to make full use of the existing research results, summarize, summarize and deepen The research of crop physiology, crop cultivation, crop ecology and other disciplines in China is relatively early, and rich theoretical and experimental data have been accumulated, which can be further mined according to the purpose of research, and the relationship between various factors can be measured to meet the needs of the development of information technology Second, we should make full use of foreign research results and make appropriate improvements and supplements Foreign agricultural information technology support research is relatively early, research equipment is relatively advanced, and research results are more, especially in the United States and the Netherlands and other countries Based on their research, combined with the actual situation of China's agriculture, support research is carried out The third is to make full use of the physiological and ecological relationship of conventional crops, appropriately extend it to other special crops, and speed up the support research of special crops, because many physiological and ecological processes and agricultural measures of special crops are similar to those of conventional crops, which can be used for reference 3.3 deepening technical measures: at present, agricultural information database, expert system, crop growth model and some integrated systems are widely used in agricultural production
The main problems of agricultural information database are as follows: first, the source of data is not wide, and the domestic data information is only collected by some information departments, so it is difficult to ensure the quantity and quality of information; second, the data exchange is inconvenient, the units, formats and indicators of data used by various departments are not uniform, the data storage formats are inconsistent, and the information fee standard is lacking, so the state has no guide price The negotiation among departments limits the circulation and sharing of data; the third is that the system of establishing data is not perfect An unit may have accountants in charge of Finance and librarians in charge of archives, but few systems stipulate that those persons should be responsible for the information database Therefore, to develop the agricultural information database and enhance the exchange and sharing of data, first of all, we should formulate the system of establishing the agricultural information database Each employee should combine it with his own business work, as a year-end assessment index of his work business Each unit can combine it with the archival work, and aggregate and archive the database of each employee It should be included in the file inspection content, because every employee is familiar with the business they are engaged in, and the accuracy of the database established is higher than that of the information department; secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of agricultural standardization, establish a series of industry standards, so that each industry can have standards to check and standards to rely on, so that the indicators of the database can be unified, so as to facilitate the exchange of various industries; thirdly, it is necessary to strengthen the data acquisition The development of tools and data acquisition tools directly determine the quality of data, which is also the bottleneck of establishing database at present, especially some simple, practical and cheap tools, which are very lacking in China's agriculture, such as some tools for measuring the content of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and tools for measuring leaf area index, etc at present, in Grass-roots Agricultural Technology Extension departments, many agricultural indicators are determined as follows: By hand, some subjective estimates, objectively reduce the accuracy of data acquisition, and also limit the establishment of data