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IntroductionEdible fungi play an important role
in nature and human society.
For thousands of years, they have been used as ingredients and medicinal herbs, such as Ganoderma lucidum, and are generally considered to have high medicinal value
.
Since modern times, the value of edible fungi has been gradually explored, especially in recent decades, the beneficial effect of edible fungi on human health and its mechanism of action have been gradually confirmed
.
Edible fungi contain a large number of bioactive ingredients, such as polysaccharides, proteins and phenolic substances, and based on the presence of these active ingredients, some edible fungi are also used as prebiotics and food supplements to improve the health status
of consumers.
About 700 edible fungi have been found to have therapeutic properties, which may serve as a good source
of bioactive compounds in the pharmaceutical industry.
Among them, edible fungus polysaccharides, as one of the main bioactive substances, have anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and other functions
.
Especially because of its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects, it has been widely used in the clinical treatment
of a variety of diseases.
In recent years, the functional characteristics of edible fungus polysaccharides have been further studied, and it has been found that its biological activity is related to
its chemical structure.
In this paper, the biological activity of edible fungus polysaccharides and their medical value in human health are reviewed, and the relationship between
the chemical structure and biological activity of edible fungi polysaccharides is discussed.
The monosaccharide composition and chemical structure of mushroom polysaccharide The structure of edible fungus polysaccharide is complex, most of which are composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, fucosse, etc.
, and various chemical structures
are formed through glycosidic bonds.
1 Polysaccharide structure present in the genus Ganoderma lucidum
After the complex structure of edible fungus polysaccharides reaches the large intestine, they are degraded by a series of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs), glycosyltransferases (GTs), polysaccharide lyases (PLs), carbohydrate esterases (CEs), and are divided into three degradation transport pathways according to the significant differences in the content and diversity of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) synthesized by intestinal microorganisms, including starch utilization system (Sus), ABC transport system and multi-enzyme complex system
.
In addition, edible fungi polysaccharides can play a prebiotic role in the colon, regulate the intestinal flora, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria and the diversity
of intestinal flora.
.
Many of these bioactive functions have been widely used in clinical drugs to prevent and treat diseases
.
Figure 2 Regulatory effect of mushroom polysaccharides on the immune system At the same time, many studies have shown that these biological activities of edible fungi are closely related to
their monosaccharide composition or chemical structure 。 For example, edible fungus polysaccharides rich in mannose and rhamnose can stimulate the immune system, activate the immune regulatory network, and enhance immune function; Edible fungus polysaccharides rich in fucose enhance the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects; The edible fungus polysaccharides rich in glucuronic acid oxymannan have antitumor activity; The presence of mannose in edible fungus polysaccharides and carboxymethylation of polysaccharides can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides.
Galactomannose is a key active region
for edible mycopolysaccharides to improve insulin resistance.
As one of the main bioactive substances of edible fungi, polysaccharides are more and more widely used in the field of medicine, however, the mechanism of action of edible fungus polysaccharides is not clear
.
Many studies have explored the relationship between the conformation, composition and function of polysaccharides, demonstrating that the bioactive function of polysaccharides is related
to chemical structure.
Conclusion edible fungus polysaccharide is an important biologically active substance with a highly complex molecular composition and conformation
.
It can be degraded in the large intestine and exerts the role
of prebiotic-active intestinal flora.
In the medical field, edible fungus polysaccharides have great medicinal potential
in preventing cancer, treating inflammation, regulating immune function, and resisting obesity.
There is no doubt that the study of the mechanism of action of polysaccharides is conducive to the development of its greater medicinal value, so it is necessary to explore more conformational and functional information
.
First author
Yu Yu, female, holds a master's degree
from Shandong University and Shandong Normal University.
Mainly engaged in enzymatic synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines and N-glycosyltransferase function and properties research
.
Corresponding author
Chen Min, female, is a professor at the State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, a leading talent in Taishan industry, and a doctoral supervisor
.
His main research areas are new technologies
for the preparation of polysaccharides and polysaccharide protein conjugates on the surface of microorganisms.
He has presided over and participated in a number of National Natural Science Foundation projects, major new drug projects, 973 projects, 863 projects, and major scientific and technological research projects of the Ministry of Education
.
In the past five years, he has published more than 50 SCI papers in international journals as the first or corresponding author, of which 1 article was reported by overseas medical media that year, 1 was selected as the highlight article of the year, and 1 was selected as "Top Ten Media Attention Articles"
in 2019.
Authorized 7 invention patents
.
