[Research] A new technology can greatly reduce the risk of leukemia complications!

Removal of a type of T cell from donor blood used for stem cell transplants can greatly reduce serious complications in leukemia patients, according to a new study - Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
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The study was published on January 10, 2022 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, titled "Naive T-Cell Depletion to Prevent Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease"
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The study reports that only 7% of leukemia patients who received stem cell transplants without naive T cells developed chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), compared with 30% to 60% of standard care.
%
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About 70% of these patients develop acute GVHD, but the symptoms are usually mild and respond to first-line corticosteroids
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https://ascopubs.
org/doi/10.
1200/JCO.
21.
01755 Director of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program at UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and senior investigator Warren Shlomchik, Ph.
D.
, professor of medical immunology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Transplant engineering, we were able to significantly reduce chronic GVHD, which is remarkable
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Equally astounding, we found almost no steroid-resistant acute GVHD in our patients
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"For patients with blood disorders such as leukemia, transplanting hematopoietic stem cells (progenitor cells that can be transformed into any blood cell type) from a healthy donor can rebuild the body's blood-making system
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But this therapy also has risks
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Extracted from bone marrow or circulating blood The stem cells contain T cells that attack host tissues after transplantation, leading to GVHD
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Acute GVHD typically occurs within 100 days of transplantation and typically affects the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract
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Corticosteroid medications are available for most patients, but a significant Patients require additional immunosuppression
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Chronic GVHD usually develops later than the acute form and can affect many organs
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This persistent disease is more difficult to treat, often requires long-term immunosuppression, and can reduce the patient's quality of life or lead to death
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Removing all T cells from the graft before transplantation can reduce GVHD, but this approach is a double-edged sword
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Previous research has found that because T cells also play an important role in killing cancer cells and fighting infection, patients with leukemia Higher risk of relapse or death
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By removing naive T cells from the graft and preserving memory T cells (which can defend against previously encountered pathogens), Shlomchik and colleagues' new approach reduces the risk of GVHD in leukemia patients
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Washington "We're looking for a balance, when all the T cells in the transplanted stem cells cause GVHD," said Marie Bleakley, Ph.
This technique of reducing naive T cells is more effective than most methods, except that all T cells in turn leave patients vulnerable to infection and cancer recurrence
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Bleakley, chair of leukemia research at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, led a team that enrolled 138 leukemia patients, both adults and children, through three Phase II clinical trials
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They collected circulating blood from donors and used a reagent to remove naive T cells
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After the patient receives chemotherapy and radiation, the killed cancer cells make room for a stem cell transplant
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The most striking finding, according to Shlomchik's study, was that only 7% of patients developed chronic GVHD, compared to previously reported rates of 30% to 60%
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Shlomchik, president of the Pittsburgh Foundation Center for Cancer Immunity, said: "It's a cliché to go from research to clinical application, but we've taken this research from mice to clinical patients
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Compared with patients who received other treatments, our patients The results are very good, suggesting that removing naive T cells may be a good way to reduce the risk of developing GVHD
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" "However, we also need to conduct randomized trials comparing our approach with standard approaches to determine which approach is the most effective.
OK," he added, "but even without randomized trials, we believe that removing naive T cells reduces chronic GVHD
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" Importantly, removing naive T cell depletion does not appear to increase rates of leukemia relapse or fatal infection chance, but this also needs to be confirmed by randomized controlled trials
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Researchers have initiated two randomized phase II clinical trials in adults and children with leukemia
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Reference: https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2022-01-graft-strategy-outcomes-blood-stem.
html Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research and cannot be used as a reference for treatment plans
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For health guidance, please go to a regular hospital for treatment
.

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