Refresh current scientific awareness! Reveal the "first" findings of those scientists!

!-- webeditor: page title" -- In this article, the paper compiles several studies that reveal the "first" findings that scientists have obtained! Learn with you! Photo Credit: Forschungszentrum Juelich/Katrin Amunts1 Science: Digital map of human brain cell structure was first built - Julich-Braindoi: 10.1126/science.abb4588ulich-Brain is the name of the first three-dimensional map of the brain that reflects changes in brain structure at micro resolution.
the map has nearly 250 structurally different regions, each based on an analysis of 10 brains.
24,000 extremely thin slices of the brain were digitized, assembled in three-dimensional and mapped by experts.
as part of the EBRAINS research infrastructure of the European Human Brain Project, the map serves as an interface to connect information about the brain in a spatially accurate way.
team, led by Dr. Katrin Amunts, published the new brain map in the journal Science.
under the microscope, it can be seen that the structure of the human brain is not uniform, but is divided into clearly identifiable areas.
these regions vary in the distribution and density of nerve cells and in their function.
Julich-Brain, the team has now come up with the most comprehensive digital map of brain cellular structure, which is available worldwide through the EBRAINS research infrastructure.
, the researchers say, this digital brain map will help to interpret the results of neuroimaging studies more accurately, such as those in patients.
, on the other hand, it is becoming the basis of the brain's 'Google Earth' -- because cellular levels are the best interface to connect data about very different aspects of the brain.
Cell: Heavy! For the first time, the presence of a small number of auxiliary T-cells in the brain and the discovery of their new role in brain development doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.026 Whether white blood cells can be found in the brain has been debatable, and what role they may play is a complete mystery.
In a groundbreaking new study, researchers from Belgium's VIB Brain and Disease Research Centre, the University of Leuven and the Babrahan Institute in the United Kingdom described a specialized group of brain-resident immune cells found in mice and human brains and found that the presence of white blood cells was critical to the normal development of the mouse brain, the study was published in the journal Cell.
like a highly guarded headquarters, our brains enjoy special protection through the blood-brain barrier, unaffected by what circulates in other parts of the body.
this highly selective boundary ensures that the passage from the blood to the brain is strictly controlled.
blood-brain barrier separates the brain from our body's immune system, which is why the brain also has its own resident immune cells called small glial cells, which trigger inflammation and tissue repair.
small glial cells reach the brain during embryonic development, after which they renew themselves.
, however, as part of our immune system, white blood cells have been found to play a role in different brain diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease or stroke.
whether white blood cells can also be found in healthy brains and what role they may play there has been the subject of intense debate.
an interdisciplinary research team led by Professor Liston began looking for answers.
: Scientists use DNA barcodes for the first time to successfully map the brain's connections Doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.029, a publication In a study published in the international journal Cell, scientists from the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and others used DNA sequencing techniques to map remote connections between different regions of the brain, a new approach that significantly reduces the cost of mapping the brain's extensive connections compared to traditional microscope-based methods.
researcher Dr Longwen Huang said neuroscientistes needed anatomy maps to understand how information from one region of the brain flows from one region to another, and mapping cell connections in different parts of the brain (i.e., brain connection groups, connectomes) could help reveal how the nervous system processes information and how faulty connections can induce other diseases such as mental illness, which is expensive and time-critical and requires a lot of effort on the part of scientists, and many research teams are far from reaching.
Science: Great Progress! In a new study, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, found that histone H3-H4 tyrosome is a copper reductase, published in the journal Science, in which they described two experiments in which they studied the involvement of group H3-H4 tyrosomes in a new study.
is a protein present inside the nucleocytes.
previous studies have shown that their primary function is to arrange DNA structures into nucleosomes.
their role is to act as spools of DNA spirals that adapt to the inside of the nucleoblast.
the new study, the researchers found that histoproteins have another function: restoring copper ions from toxic forms to a form that can safely exist in cells.
the researchers began their research by noting that decades ago, other scientists had discovered that pairs of histamines and cysteine amino acids may bind to metal ions where two histoproteins meet inside cells.
suggests that histogens may play a role in making copper safe for people.
to test the idea, they set up and conducted two experiments involving yeast cells.
the first experiment involving mutations in the amino acid sequences of histoproteins in the areas proposed in previous studies.
they found that cells with mutant histoproteins had lower levels of Cu(I) ions, a safe form of copper.
they believe this is evidence that histoproteins play a role in this reduction process.
in a second experiment, they tested hisoprotein H3-H4 tymomes in a test tube and found that they did restore Cu(II) to Cu(I).
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page title"--Science: New study identifies the origin of measles virus for the first time to explore COVID-1 In a new study, researchers from Germany, Belgium, the United States and France solved the controversial question of when measles first appeared, finding that it may be linked to the rise of big cities.
they sequenced the genomes of a strain of the measles virus from 1912 and reverse-evaluated how long the virus might have appeared in the human population and identified it around the 6th century BC, the findings were published in the journal Science.
that getting genomic data from RNA viruses such as measles viruses, which degrade rapidly in the environment, remains challenging.
the sequencing of the measles genome by Ariane Düx, Sébastian Calvignac-Spencer and their colleagues is a huge achievement.
it is difficult to determine exactly when and where pathogens such as viruses and bacteria jump into humans.
sometimes these jumps happen and they disappear.
but sometimes they get a foothold and spread around the world.
For any particular pathogen, the jump time must have occurred between two points in time: the time it was separated from the closest known relatives of kinship, and the time we observed the pathogen in humans and traced back to the genealogy of the common ancestor.
photo source: Science Translational Medicine, 2020, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay9101 .6 Science Sub-journal: World's First! Using a base editor in the body to restore partial hearing in a recessively inherited deaf mouse doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aay9101 When Wei Hsi Yeh was a young undergraduate, one of her male friends changed from normal hearing to total deafness in a month.
he was 29.
know why he lost his hearing, and doctors still don't know.
, who received her Ph.D. in chemistry from Harvard University last month, was frustrated and frightened by her friend's loss of hearing.
her graduate career to solve the huge genetic mystery behind hearing loss.
the United States, one in eight people aged 12 or over has hearing loss in both ears.
technologies such as hearing aids and cochlear implants can amplify sound, they can't correct the problem.
, gene editing may be able to do so, given that genetic abnormalities cause half of all cases of hearing loss.
two years ago, Yeh and Professor David R. Liu, a member of the Broad Institute in the United States, first fixed a significant mutation in mouse models and prevented hearing loss.
, Liu said, "most genetic diseases are caused not by explicit mutations, but by recessive mutations, including most genetic hearing loss."
Now, in a new study, Liu, Yeh, and researchers from Harvard University, the Broad Institute and the Howard Hughes Institute of Medicine have achieved another "first": they restored partial hearing in mice that were completely deaf because of the TMC1 recessive mutation, the first successful example of using genome editing to repair recessive disease-caused mutations.
the findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
-causing mutations, which refer to mutations that destroy only one copy of two copies of the body's genes, make them more vulnerable to attack in some ways.
a bad copy of a gene, a good copy of a gene can be saved.
, "But for recessive diseases, you can't do that."
by definition, recessive all-like genes mean you have two bad copies of the gene.
, you can't just destroy bad copies.
you have to fix one or two bad copies.
" Nature: Heavy! Scientists have revealed for the first time the molecular structure of triglycerides made by human bodies! Doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2280-2 Doctors often remind patients that higher levels of triglycerides, a major dietary fat, increase the risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver, so researchers are interested in finding new ways to effectively regulate triglyceride levels in the body's blood to control this common disease that can endanger the body's life.
, in a recent study published in the international journal Nature, scientists from the Baylor School of Medicine and others revealed the 3D structure and action of diglyceride O-ayl transferase-1 (DGAT1), an enzyme Classes can help synthesize triglycerides, which are important for the absorption and storage of dietary fat in humans, and DGAT1 is also considered an important target for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic diseases, so a detailed understanding of the structure of DGAT1 may help researchers develop new therapies for a variety of human diseases.
researcher Ming Zhou points out that DGAT1 is an enzyme of great interest to scientists because it helps synthesize triglycerides, the main component of the body's hard fat, which is usually found in the abdomen or lower back, and triglycerides are part of the transport cholesterol particles, including good cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein) and bad cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein), so learn how to regulate DGAT1 enzymes or potentially help regulate the body's fat synthesis and potentially manage other diseases.
: Overturn the previous theory! New research reveals for the first time the fine structure of bacterial cell walls, which promises to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance once and for all! Doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2236-6 Scientists from the University of Sheffield and others have revealed the first high-resolution images of bacterial cell wall structures in a study published in the international journal Nature, which is crucial to clarifying the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. In the
article, the researchers revealed the new and important structure of the outer membranes of Staphylococcus acobacteria bacteria, and the findings are critical to understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria grow and antibiotics work, while also overturning previous theories about the structure of bacterial outer membranes;
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--webeditor:page title" -- Researcher Dr. Laia Pasquina Lemonche says many antibiotics work by inhibiting the production of bacterial cell walls, a solid but permeable outer membrane structure around bacteria that are critical to bacterial survival;