Reexamination of the traditional farming model in ecological agriculture

Introduction: new page 1 Zhang Ziyi (academician of Chinese Academy of engineering, researcher of Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) CBR Since the reform and opening up, due to the adjustment of policies, the investment of the state, the popularization and improvement of modern science and technology in livestock and poultry varieties, epidemic prevention and sanitation, the total output of meat, eggs, milk and aquatic products in 2001 reached 63.34 million tons, 23.37 million tons, 11.23 million tons and 43.82 million tons respectively, ranking the top in the world Among them, the total meat output of the breeding industry of thousands of households is about 40 million tons, accounting for more than 60% of the total meat output of the country, which is the main source to solve the problem of meat for urban and rural residents in China It should be acknowledged that the contribution of the traditional farming industry of our country is indispensable Not only that, for 20 years Under the background that the per capita grain quantity in China is around 400kg (about 1 / 3 of that in the United States), the per capita meat, egg and milk quantity also increased from 10kg, 2kg and 1kg in the early stage of reform and opening up to 51kg, 19kg and 9kg, respectively, four times, nine times and eight times Over the years, the price is stable and the supply and marketing are prosperous, which is known as a miracle in the world The fact of iron refutes the fallacy of "who will feed the Chinese in the 21st century" put forward by some western scholars Therefore, in 2002, the "livestock and poultry aquaculture technology" was rated as one of the "major engineering and technological achievements of China in the 20th century" by the Chinese Academy of engineering and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which is comparable to the "two bombs and one star" cBr     However, it is worrisome that in the past 10 years, the proportion of pork, poultry meat and eggs produced through large-scale aquaculture and compound feed only accounts for 20%, 56% and 30% of the total national output in China, and the pollution of large-scale aquaculture to the environment has appeared in the suburbs or urban-rural areas of many large and medium-sized cities; in pastoral areas, due to long-term overloading and overgrazing, At the same time, under the condition of closed and high-density feeding controlled by human, the flavor of livestock and poultry products with high production performance and high feed return rate decreases; drug residues and abuse of "feed additives" by some illegal traders often cause harm to human health, It has become the focus of consumers' doubts CBR in fact, in the 1970s-1980s, in some countries or regions with large population density and rapid development of large-scale aquaculture, the problem of "livestock pollution" has been found, and in Southeast Asian countries, there has been a history of transferring the pollution of large-scale aquaculture to each other In the traditional ecological agriculture of our country, manure from livestock and poultry has been regarded as "crop treasure", especially in the benign circular economy with more pig, more fertilizer and more grain, which has made a lot of successful experiences, which is the precious scientific heritage of traditional ecological agriculture for more than 2000 years At present, we must correct the misunderstanding that "scale" is equal to modernization In addition to GDP, modernization should also include indicators of ecological civilization, resource stock and living environment The farming industry of thousands of households can make full use of the "farmyard feed" which can not be constructed into commodities Without or with less transportation energy consumption, it can be converted into animal food and organic fertilizer on the spot CBR can not only save the amount of chemical fertilizer, reduce the cost of agricultural production, but also maintain the soil fertility without pollution It can not only improve the income of farmers, but also alleviate the pressure of urban and rural residents on meat and food demand From the strategic analysis, this production mode not only conforms to the principle of "5R" of circular economy, but also is the only way to ensure the sustainable development of ecological agriculture CBR indeed, there are many problems in the traditional ecological agriculture mode of the combination of breeding and planting, such as the difficulty of timely promotion of advanced science and technology, the difficulty of establishing epidemic prevention and health system and so on However, in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the governments at all levels have accumulated many practical and successful experiences in dealing with such problems The author believes that many specific problems can be solved by improving the level of ideological understanding and organizational management, eliminating the rough and the refined, eliminating the false and reserving the true, innovating the old, making the old serve the present and making the foreign serve China Theoretically, these problems should not be the fundamental obstacles in strategic decision-making CBR was pleased to hear that the Ministry of agriculture and Shandong provincial governments at all levels had held a working conference on the construction of unregulated animal epidemic areas in the Yellow River Delta, and leaders at all levels had made insightful and farsighted speeches "A single spark can start a prairie fire" As long as the masses are mobilized to expand the "base area" with the strategy of "encircling the city from the countryside" and the spirit of hard struggle of "millet plus rifles", the prospect of establishing a green breeding system with Chinese characteristics is bright Through planning, finance, public security, transportation, health, agriculture, veterinarian, feed and other departments, the author believes that all problems are expected to be solved CBR * reduce, reuse, recycle, rescue and re evaluate cBr   cBr