[Recommended] Several syndromes of neurosurgery

1.

(Common in olfactory sulcus meningioma) can present with ipsilateral olfactory loss and optic nerve atrophy, and contralateral papilledema, called Foster-Kennedy syndrome

2.

Caused by the damage to the dominant hemispherical angle gyrus, the main manifestations are: inability to calculate (miscalculation), finger agnosia, inability to distinguish between left and right (left and right agnosia), inability to write (aphasia), and sometimes accompanied by dyslexia

Parinaud syndrome: Parino syndrome

Also known as superior thalamic syndrome, midbrain cap syndrome, or upward vision paralysis syndrome

4.

A common cause is ischemic damage

5.

Cervical sympathetic palsy syndrome is a syndrome in which the pathway from the sympathetic nerve center to the eye is compressed and destroyed in any way, resulting in miosis, inverted eyeballs, ptosis, and no sweating on the affected side

6.

(1) Lesion site: pontine cerebellar angle

7.

That is, the deefferent state, which is caused by the lesion of the base of the ponbut.

8.

Refers to spinal cord lesions caused by external compression and lesions inside the spinal cord, resulting in paralysis of motor neurons on the ipsilateral limb below the lesion plane, loss of deep sensation, fine tactile impairment, vasomotor dysfunction, disappearance of pain and temperature sensation on the contralateral limbs, and clinical syndrome of bilateral tactile retention, mainly occurring in the cervical spine

9.
Anterior spinal arteria syndrome: anterior spinal artery syndrome
.

Also known as anterior 2/3 syndrome, Beck syndrome, Davison syndrome, anterior spinal artery occlusion syndrome and so on
.
The anterior artery of the spinal cord supplies 2/3 of the ventral side of the spinal cord, and ischemic lesions are more common
, especially in the middle and lower thoracic segments.
Presents with abrupt onset of nerve radicular pain at the corresponding site of the lesion plane and progresses to its peak within hours to days, with limb paralysis below the lesion plane, pain below the lesion, absence of temperature and the presence of location vibration (dissociative sensory disturbances), and rectal bladder dysfunction
.

10.
Posterior spinal artery syndrome: Retrospinal artery syndrome
.

It is a posterior spinal artery that supplies 1/3 of the posterior spinal cord to occlusion
.
Manifested by acute root pain, deep sensory deficits below the lesion level and sensory ataxia, pain and temperature awareness and relative preservation of muscle strength, and untired or mild impairment
of bladder and rectal function.

11.
Central spinal artery syndrome: Central spinal cord artery syndrome
.

Ischemic disorders of the spinal cord manifested by paralysis of lower motor neurons at the corresponding segment of the lesion, decreased muscle tone, muscle atrophy, and often no vertebral tract damage and sensory impairment
.

12.
decorticated syndrome; apallic syndrome: decortical syndrome
.

It is more common in hypoxic encephalopathy that causes extensive bilateral cerebral cortex damage and decreased cortical function and subcortical function preservation
.
Patients present with loss of consciousness, wakefulness-sleep cycle retention (the brainstem ascending reticular activation system is not impaired), ability to open the eyes unconsciously, light reflexes and corneal reflexes are present, can be chewed and swallowed unconsciously, appear to be awake, but unconsciously respond to external stimuli, no self-spoken speech and purposeful movements, and present a decortical straightening posture of upper limb flexion and lower limb extension, often with pathological signs
.

13.
Korsakoff syndrome: Korsakov syndrome, also known as forgetfulness syndrome
.

A mental disorder
caused by a lack of thiamine (vitamin B1) in the brain.
Manifested by selective cognitive dysfunction, including near-event amnesia (cis, retrograde amnesia), temporal and spatial disorientation disorder (especially temporal disorientation disorder).

Significant and persistent decline in memory breadth, including extreme loss of near memory, dysfunction of time judgment, misconceptions, and fiction
.
It is mostly developed by Wernicke's encephalopathy and is also seen in chronic alcoholism and head trauma
.

Around the lateral fissure aphasia syndrome: Aphasia syndrome
around lateral fissure.

A common feature is the difficulty
of oral repetition.
The lesion site is near
the lateral fissure of the dominant hemisphere.
Including: Borga Aphasia, Sensory Aphasia (Wernicke Aphasia) and Conductive Aphasia
.

15.
Foix I.
syndrome: cavernous sinus syndrome, pituitary sphenoid bone syndrome
.

III.
, IV.
, VI.
, V.
(1, 2) cranial nerve palsy due to lateral wall tumors of cavernous sinus, pituitary tumors, sphenoid bone tumors, thrombophlebitis of cavernous sinuses, and internal cavernous sinus aneurysms
.
There are mydriasis, loss of light reflex, ptosis, diplopia, restriction or fixation of movement of all sides of the eyeball, decreased pain in the distribution areas of the 1st and 2nd branches of the trigeminal nerve, and loss of corneal reflexes
.
The lesion affects one or both cavernous sinuses
.
Acute onset, there may be symptoms
of infection poisoning such as fever and headache, nausea and vomiting, and impaired consciousness.
Orbital venous reflux disorders can cause periorbital, eyelid, conjunctival edema, and exophthalmos
.

16.
Rochon-Duvigneaud syndrome: Supraorbital cleft syndrome
.

The cranial nerves III.
, IV.
, VI.
and the eye branches, supraocular veins, orbital branches of the median meningeal artery, and sympathetic nerves of the V.
cranial nerves pass through the supraorbital fissures
.
Inflammation, tumors, fractures, hemorrhages and other lesions involving the above structures in the orbit can cause corresponding cranial nerve palsy, which is clinically manifested as partial or complete paralysis of the extraocular muscles and intraocular muscles, partial or complete ptosis of the upper eyelids, sluggishness or disappearance of corneal reflexes, decreased or absent perception of the upper eyelid and frontal skin, and ipsilateral Horner signs
may occur.
Fundus examination of the optic nerve papillae may be normal or congested, and the retinal veins are congested
.

17.
Rollet syndrome: Orbital tip syndrome
.

Inflammation, trauma, tumors, or foreign bodies located at the orbital tip can damage the optic nerve and neurovascular II.
, III.
, IV.
, VI.
, V.
(1) through the orbital apex and transorbital fissures, resulting in orbital tip syndrome
.
Manifested by: limited eye movement, diplopia, ptosis; Hyperesthesia and hypoesthesia in the innervated area of the trigeminal nerve; Decreased vision, optic nerve atrophy, peripheral visual field defects
.

30.
Gradenigo syndrome: Gradenigo syndrome, i.
e.
petrotic syndrome
.

V.
and VI.
cranial nerve involvement
caused by inflammation, tumor, fracture, bleeding and other lesions of the tip of the temporal rock bone.
Clinical manifestations are: intraocular strabismus and diplopia; Pain or numbness in the ipsilateral eye branch area and face, with decreased sensation; There may be symptoms and signs
of meningitis.

Sturge-Weber syndrome: Sturge-Webber syndrome, also known as cerebral hemangiomasis
.

Features of this disease: irregular vascular nevi in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve on one side of the face; Contralateral hemiplegia; Eccentricity; Epilepsy (nodding small seizures, localized convulsions); Intellectual developmental disorders; Glaucoma; Plain skull x-rays show pathological calcified plaques
in the skull.
Facetial hemangiomas can be complicated by meningeal or intracerebral vascular malformations
.

19.
Dandy-Walker syndrome: Dandy-Walker syndrome, fourth ventricular foramen occlusion syndrome (non-traffic hydrocephalus
).

Dandy-Walker malformations are more likely than 6 months after birth to develop hydrocephalus and increased cranial pressure, and may also be accompanied by cerebellar ataxia and cranial nerve palsy
.
Acquired obstruction is more common in posterior cranial fossa tumors and is characterized by progressive increased cranial pressure, cerebellar ataxia, and symptoms
of cranial nerve damage.
CT shows symmetrical enlargement of the ventricular system above the fourth ventricles, cerebral edema, and signs
of posterior fossa ocrisco.

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