Recently, scientists have made new progress in the field of tumor research!

In this article, the author summarizes the new progress that scientists have made in the field of tumor research recently and shares it with you! Photo source: shrey sindhwani [1] NAT mater: break the rules! Reveal the new mechanism of nanoparticles into tumor! Doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0566-2 researchers from the University of Toronto found that it is the active process rather than the passive process that determines which nanoparticles enter the solid tumor This discovery overturned the previous ideas in the field of cancer nanomedicine, and pointed out the direction for more effective nanotherapy Relevant research results were published in nature materials recently The main theory of cancer nanomedicine is that nanoparticles passively diffuse into tumors through tiny gaps between endothelial cells Endothelial cells are arranged on the inner wall of blood vessels to support the growth of tumors Previous studies by researchers have shown that less than 1% of nanoparticle drugs can reach their tumor targets In the current study, the team found that more than 95% of nanoparticles that can penetrate tumors can penetrate endothelial cells, rather than gaps between these cells 【2】 SCI Rep: research reveals the new function of tumor suppressor gene HERC doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57756-7 according to a new study published in scientific reports by a team of experts from the school of medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, RAF protein may be a therapeutic target for tumor growth through p38 protein regulating pathway This study analyzes the mechanism of regulating some molecular signaling pathways related to carcinogenesis and tumor progression, and opens up a new prospect for the fight against cancer P38 protein belongs to mitogen activated kinase (map or MAPK kinase) family, which plays a key role in the response to cell stress signals and in the control of tumor cell proliferation and progression MAPK proteins and regulatory kinases MAPKK and MAPKKK are involved in intracellular signaling cascade reactions, such as Raf / MEK / ERK pathway, which controls basic cellular processes (growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival and cell migration) The regulatory dysfunction of these molecular signaling pathways can change the physiological cycle of cells, and thus generate tumor proliferation and growth 【3】 Nature: scientists break through the blood-brain barrier to attack the tumor doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1912-x the brain is like a fortress, designed to block dangerous pathogens But protection comes at a cost: when the immune system is facing a terrible threat, these barriers will interfere with the immune system, such as glioblastoma, which is a fatal brain tumor, and there are few effective treatments Yale researchers recently reported in nature that they have found a new way to circumvent the brain's natural defense system When the brain's natural defense system backfires, they let immune system rescuers through the fort's drainage system Researchers say the immune system is thought to be powerless against brain tumors Patients with glioblastoma cannot benefit from immunotherapy "Although the brain itself has no direct way to deal with cell waste, the small blood vessels arranged inside the skull can collect tissue waste and process it through the human body's lymphatic system, which can filter toxins and waste in the body In this new study, researchers are using this kind of processing system 【4】 Cell Rep: scientists have identified two key prebiotics that can resist cancer progression by activating anti-tumor immunity Doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.035 recently, a research report published in the international journal Cell reports from Sanford Burnham Researchers from prebys medical discovery Institute found that two prebiotics, mucin and inulin, can slow down the growth of melanoma in mice by enhancing the immune system to resist cancer; compared with probiotics, prebiotics are bacteria In this study, researchers found that intestinal microorganisms play a key role in reshaping the immune response of the body to cancer, targeting the intestinal microbiome or helping to enhance the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy This study opens up a new way to address the important clinical needs of melanoma, which emphasizes the potential effect of prebiotics on tumor growth control and treatment tolerance; researcher ze'ev According to Dr Ronai, early research results show that prebiotics can limit tumor growth, but the researchers are not clear about the molecular mechanism involved In this study, we found for the first time that prebiotics can enhance the anti-tumor effect Immunity to limit the growth of cancer, related research results may help researchers in-depth understanding whether prebiotics can be used to treat cancer and other diseases 【5】 JEM: uncover how special soluble proteins can help tumors evade the host immune system and continue to progress? Doi: 10.1084/jem.20191290 the ultimate goal of most cancers is to continuously grow and take over the host body For a long time, the immune system has been the focus of cancer researchers, because it plays a very important role in protecting the body against foreign invaders Recently, an International Journal of experimental was published In the Research Report on medicine, scientists from institutions such as the University of Tsukuba found that a tumor that can produce soluble CD155 protein may accumulate in its lungs by inactivating the host's immune system Soluble CD155 is a kind of protein produced by many different cells in the body, which plays a very important role in cell migration and development To the surprise of researchers, they also found a high concentration of soluble CD155 in the serum of many cancer patients This closure does not mean causality Therefore, researchers want to reveal how CD155 works through research Participate in the development of cancer Photo source: cc0 public domain [6] eLife: long term skin stimulation may increase the risk of tumor growth doi: 10.7554/elife.51862 Recently, in a research report published in the International Journal eLife, scientists from Imperial College of technology found that a special antibody that helps the body's skin resist harmful substances or infections or can promote tumor growth during chronic tissue inflammation When the skin is exposed to chronic inflammation, the skin can resist environmental attack as a defensive mechanism or can promote The tumor is progressing IgE antibody is one of the most common but often inadvertently involved in allergic reactions It is most common in healthy skin and can protect the skin against the infection of harmful substances and parasites However, this study found that repeated exposure to skin stimulating chemicals may lead to chronic inflammation or turn beneficial defense mechanism into harmful defense mechanism; further clarify its The process may help scientists develop new treatments to prevent or treat skin cancer 【7】 SCI Rep: revealing the molecular mechanism of special proteins regulating tumor growth doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56208-1 Immunocheckpoint is a special protein on the surface of cancer cells, which can be used by cancer cells to avoid the immune response of the host body These surface proteins are very important for the growth of cancer cells Drugs targeting these proteins can completely change the treatment of many cancer patients, and elucidating the mechanism of degradation of these immunocheckpoints can help the host immune system to kill cancer cells 。 Recently, an international magazine, scientific In the report, researchers from Boston University School of Medicine found that a special protein named c-Cbl or checkpoint protein named PD-1 can help degrade PD-1 is a special protein in T cells, which can help T cells attack other cells in the body, regulate the expression of PD-1 by manipulating c-Cbl, or it is expected to help treat various types of cancer, including Melanoma, breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer Cancer cells usually increase the expression of surface proteins to trick the immune system, avoid being found to be foreign or harmful foreign bodies, so as to avoid being attacked or damaged, and control the ability of c-Cbl to regulate the expression of PD-1 or have the potential to treat multiple cancers In this paper, the researchers tested the effect of c-Cbl on immune cells by studying the experimental animals without a copy of c-Cbl gene They implanted tumor cells in the model, and compared the growth of tumor in the model without gene and the model without modification (control) Later, the researchers found that in the genetically modified model, tumor It grows faster 【8】 Nature: heavyweight! In a new study, researchers from Emory University and other research institutions in the United States found that the immune system has established a "front-line battle base" or lymph node like structure in some patients with renal cancer and other urinary system cancers Patients with well supported immune cells in tumors are more likely to control cancer growth in their bodies for a longer period of time This finding may guide the treatment decisions of renal cancer patients after surgery In addition, ongoing research has found that this observation is widely applicable to many types of cancer, and may help researchers extend the benefits of cancer immunotherapy to more people The results of the study were recently published in the journal Nature We know that patients may respond better to cancer immunotherapy if there are more T cells in the tumor, the researchers said But we're looking at a more fundamental question: why do some tumors have a lot of T cells, while others don't? " The researchers studied tumor samples taken from patients with kidney, prostate and bladder cancer CD8 T cells search for and kill invaders, such as cancer cells In patients with high levels of CD8 T cells in tumors, when a small number of cancer cells (micrometastasis) may lurk in other parts of the body, their immune system seems to be better trained to inhibit cancer growth after surgery Patients with low levels of CD8 T cells tend to develop cancer four times faster after surgery than those with high levels of CD8 T cells 【9】 Nat cell biol: to identify the special protein doi: 10.1038/s41556-019-0429-8, which can promote the occurrence of cancer and inhibit the anti-tumor immunity of the body Recently, an international journal Nature cell was published In the Research Report on biology, scientists from MD Anderson Cancer Research Center at the University of Texas found that a special protein involved in the immune response to microorganisms can promote the occurrence of cancer and inhibit the immune response to diseases After studying the mouse model of lung cancer, the researchers found that when activated by growth factor (rather than innate immune mechanism), tank binding kinase 1 (tbk1) and its adaptor protein tbkbp1 (tbkbp1) can promote tumor development In this study, we found evidence for the first time that tbk1 can mediate the immunosuppression process in cancer cells, which shows that targeting tbk1 can not only inhibit tumor growth, but also promote the growth of the body